a production of Twin Cities Public Television St. Paul/Minneapolis in association with Middlemarch Films ; producers/directors, Ellen Hovde and Muffie Meyer
a Steeplechase Films production for the American Experience in association with WGBH Boston, Thirteen/WNET in New York, and the New-York Historical Society ; produced by Lisa Ades and Ric Burns ; directed by Ric Burns ; co-director, Lisa Ades ; written by Ric Burns and James Sanders