The world is aging, and mental health-related issues like social isolation and loneliness are at a record high. Older ages also come with a decline in specific cognitive abilities and limitations to access to social benefits programs.At the same time, older adults are increasingly exposed to various technologies. For instance, broadband (high-speed internet technology) availability and use among older adults has increased substantially in the last decades in the US. Similarly, developing countries have seen the expansion of a massive agricultural technology (known as the Green Revolution) in the latter half of the twentieth century to cope with hunger and food scarcity. However, the role of these technologies in aging-related outcomes is understudied. This dissertation evaluates how some of these technologies affect key aging-related outcomes, including mental health, cognitive function, chronic conditions, and access to social security programs among older adults in the US and India. To put the conclusion in a nutshell, in most cases, I find that these technologies play a positive role in the lives of older adults worldwide. In the first chapter, I study how expanding broadband affects mental health among older adults (50+ years of age) in the US. In contrast to the literature that finds harmful effects of the internet among younger populations, my results show that broadband rollout significantly reduces depression symptoms by 5.7% among older adults, which is comparable with other major life events. The primary mechanisms driving these positive effects include increased virtual social connections with family and friends and decreased feelings of social isolation and loneliness. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that broadband expansion may reduce the cost of excess Medicare spending by about $5 billion due to major depressive symptoms and social isolation among older adults. In the second chapter, I and coauthors study how early life exposure to the Green Revolution affects later-life cognitive function and chronic conditions in India and what the potential pathways are. We find that exposure to the Green Revolution during the critical period (in-utero to age 2) significantly improved later-life cognitive function, especially among the socially disadvantaged groups and people born in rural areas. Improving schooling and financial conditions while growing up explains some positive gains in cognitive health. On the other hand, we also find men and individuals in urban areas are more likely to experience an increase in chronic conditions. Estimates from this paper are crucial for policies in developing countries adopting the Green Revolution, given their significantly higher share of the aging population than the rest of the world. Finally, in the third chapter, I extend the broadband research to understand whether the broadband expansion affects the likelihood of older adults applying, appealing, or receiving the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits.I find that broadband rollout significantly increased the probability of SSDI application, appeal, or receipt and did not affect the SSI process. However, there remain notable racial and regional disparities in access and the benefits of broadband. The estimates in this paper bear considerable importance for several reasons. Given a young entrant into the workforce has a one-in-three probability of mortality or meeting the eligibility criteria for SSDI before attaining Social Security’s full retirement age and massive investments of over $65 Billion in the broadband expansion, the estimates from this study are relevant for the policymakers.