My research addresses the construction, or (re)construction, of identity in relation to a geographical or symbolic space in African and Caribbean Francophone Literature. It examines the way the unknown space is recognized by both male and female individuals and how this biotic or abiotic “environmental space” modifies their consciousness of the world as well as their consciousness of themselves. Edouard Glissant intensely theorized what he calls a Poétique de la Relation “selon laquelle toute identité s’étend dans un rapport à l’Autre.” He thereby describes the importance of the hybridization of identities through their relationship to the world. These hybrid identities fed by the multiplicity of cultures and languages praise an interdependence of space and identity that manifests a “discovery-interrogation”, which in turn leans toward the exploration of oneself, the discovery of others and the bond that ties oneself to the world. On the one hand, we see that space proves to be hostile and soon becomes a battlefield for one’s individuality, producing an imprisoned identity confined to disillusion and failure as analyzed in Alain Mabanckou’s Bleu Blanc Rouge. Yet, this interdependence also results in an “identity-relation”, which connects people, cultures and places to one another creating space for a multicultural individual as in Léonora Miano’s Contours du jour qui vient and Patrick Chamoiseau’s L’esclave vieil homme et le molosse. The diegetic space is however not the only space generating identities. In their own way, each author similarly uses the text to create what Gérard Genette calls a “spatialité littéraire” in which meaning and literary identity intersect. This dissertation therefore argues that the Francophone identity, both diegetic and literary, is not a fixed identity but instead a moving, drifting one whose construction does not operate on the exploitation of space but instead build itself on a relational system created in relation to it.