Introduction -- The life course and adult chronic disease: an historical perspective with particular reference to coronary heart disease -- Pre-adult influences on cardiovascular disease -- Life course approaches to socioeconomic differentials in health -- Ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease mortality trends with special reference to England and Wales: are there cohort effects? -- Geography and migration with special reference to cardiovascular disease -- A life course approach to diabetes -- A life course approach to obesity -- A life course approach to blood pressure --A life course approach to respiratory and allergic diseases -- A life course approach to cancer epidemiology -- Time trends in cancer incidence and mortality -- A life course approach to biological ageing -- A life course approach to neuropsychiatric outcomes -- Fetal growth and development: the role of nutrition and other factors -- Socioenconomic pathways between childhood and adult health -- Should we intervene to improve fetal and infant growth? -- Should we intervene to improve childhood circumstances? -- Conclusions