Preface: Toward a Cultural History of the Jews / David Biale -- Pt. 1. Mediterranean Origins -- Introduction / David Biale. 1. Imagining the Birth of Ancient Israel: National Metaphors in the Bible / Ilana Pardes. 2. Israel Among the Nations: Biblical Culture in the Ancient Near East / Ronald S. Hendel. 3. Hellenistic Judaism / Erich S. Gruen. 4. Jewish Culture in Greco-Roman Palestine / Eric M. Meyers. 5. Confronting a Christian Empire: Jewish Culture in the World of Byzantium / Oded Irshai. 6. Babylonian Rabbinic Culture / Isaiah Gafni. 7. Jewish Culture in the Formative Period of Islam / Reuven Firestone -- Pt. 2. Diversities for Diaspora -- Introduction / David Biale. 1. Merchants and Intellectuals, Rabbis and Poets: Judeo-Arabic Culture in the Golden Age of Islam / Raymond P. Scheindlin. 2. A Letter to a Wayward Teacher: The Transformations of Sephardic Culture in Christian Iberia / Benjamin R. Gampel. 3. A Jewish-Christian Symbiosis: The Culture of Early Ashkenaz / Ivan G. Marcus. 4. Innovative Tradition: Jewish Culture in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth / Moshe Rosman. 5. Families and Their Fortunes: The Jews of Early Modern Italy / Elliott Horowitz. 6. Bom Judesmo: The Western Sephardic Diaspora / Yosef Kaplan. 7. Childbirth and Magic: Jewish Folklore and Material Culture / Shalom Sabar -- Pt. 3. Modern Encounters -- Introduction / David Biale. 1. Urban Visibility and Biblical Visions: Jewish Culture in Western and Central Europe in the Modern Age / Richard I. Cohen. 2. A Journey Between Worlds: East European Jewish Culture from the Partitions of Poland to the Holocaust / David Biale. 3. The Ottoman Diaspora: The Rise and Fall of Ladino Literary Culture / Aron Rodrigue. 4. Multicultural Visions: The Cultural Tapestry of the Jews of North Africa / Lucette Valensi. 5. Challenges to Tradition: Jewish Cultures in Yemen, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Bukhara / Yosef Tobi. 6. Religious Interplay on an African Stage: Ethiopian Jews in Christian Ethiopia / Hagar Salamon. 7. Locus and Language: Hebrew Culture in Israel, 1890-1990 / Ariel Hirschfeld. 8. The "Other" Israel: Folk Cultures in the Modern State of Israel / Eli Yassif. 9. Declarations of Independence: American Jewish Culture in the Twentieth Century / Stephen J. Whitfield -- Conclusion / David Biale