Memorandum to the President / Arnold Kanter -- Memorandum to the President: Secretary of State / Holly J. Burkhalter -- Memorandum to the President: Secretary of Defense / Dov S. Zakheim -- Memorandum to the President: Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff' / Stanley A. McChrystal -- Background materials: Appendix A: The Clinton Doctrine; Appendix B: Presidential Decision Directive 56 on 'Complex Contingency Operations'; Appendix C: The U.N. Secretary-General on humanitarian intervention