I. The Brazilian People: Products of Their Past. 1. Altruistic, Sentimental, and Generous / Fernando de Azevedo. 2. A Wealth of Incalculable Spiritual Attributes / Francisco Jose de Oliveira Vianna -- II. The Colonial Era (1500-1822): A Patriarchal and Hierarchical Society. 3. Essay on Sadness / Paulo Prado. 4. The Brazilian El Dorado / Preston E. James. 5. Circumventing Legal but Unrealistic Obligations / Keith S. Rosenn. 6. The Portuguese Heritage: Adaptability / Stuart B. Schwartz -- III. The Empire (1822-1889): No Real Rupture with the Past. 7. Jose Dias: Cultural Symbol / Clodomiro Vianna Moog. 8. A Master-Slave Relationship / Henry Koster. 9. The Depraved Man / John Luccock. 10. Self-Interest, Carried to Excess / Auguste de Saint-Hilaire. 11. An Extremely Lively Imagination / Georg Wilhelm Freireyss. 12. A Worthy Subject for a Popular History / Karl Friedrich Philipp von Martius. 13. Long-Standing Differences of Color, Position, and Wealth / Hermann Burmeister. 14. This Universal Love of Trade / Alfred Russel Wallace. 15. Lighthearted, Quick-Witted, Communicative, and Hospitable / Henry Walter Bates. 16. The Education of Men and Women / Louis Agassiz and Elizabeth Agassiz. 17. The Evils of Slavery / Herbert H. Smith -- IV. The Republic (1889-1964): Movement toward Modernization. 18. New World in the Tropics / Gilberto Freyre. 19. The "Whitening" Ideal / Thomas E. Skidmore. 20. The Man of the Backlands / Euclides da Cunha. 21. A Mutual Accommodation from Highest to Humblest / Rudyard Kipling. 22. Affable, Solicitous, and Articulate / Ricardo Baeza. 23. Liveliness of Spirit / Louis Mouralis. 24. The Cordial Man / Sergio Buarque de Holanda. 25. A Passion for the Lottery / Stefan Zweig. 26. Courtesy Mixed with Distrust / Tullio Ascarelli. 27. The Quiet, Simple, Self-Reliant Caboclo / James B. Watson. 28. Subjective, Unpredictable, and Capricious / William Lytle Schurz. 29. In the Backlands, Dreaming of the City / Marvin Harris. 30. The Usual Moderation / Elizabeth Bishop. 31. Find a Way Around / Peter Kellemen -- V. The Military Period and After (1964-Present): Another Boom-and-Bust Cycle. 32. Do You Know Who You're Talking To?! / Roberto da Matta. 33. Bypassing the System / John F. Santos. 34. A Most Personal People / Charles Wagley. 35. The Persistent Patronage System / David Maybury-Lewis. 36. The Social Functions of Futebol / Thomas G. Sanders. 37. An Obsession with Whiteness and Blackness / Anani Dzidzienyo. 38. Brazil in the World / Wayne A. Selcher. 39. Three Sad Races / David T. Haberly. 40. Behaving Brazilian / Phyllis A. Harrison. 41. The Patrimonial State / Riordan Roett. 42. Living Avidly in the Present / Lauro Moreira. 43. Vera: A Woman Speaks / Daphne Patai. 44. The Everyday Violence of Life / Nancy Scheper-Hughes