Includes bibliographical references (pages 175-189).
Central America in the 1990s. Agricultural Diversification and Export-led Growth. The Role of Foreign Assistance. Conclusion -- 1. Linking Development, Population, and the Environment: Perspectives and Methods. Major Perspectives for Linking Development, Population, Poverty, and Environmental Destruction. Political Ecology: Political Economy + Human Ecology. Analytical Framework -- 2. Southern Honduras: Environment and Demography. The Environment of Southern Honduras. The Demographic Dimension. Conclusions: Spatial, Eco-Demographic, and Resource Marginality -- 3. The Historical Legacy. Southern Honduras Before the Spanish Conquest. The Periods of Conquest and Colonization. Post-Colonial Nineteenth Century and Early Twentieth Century. More Complete Integration into the National, Central American, and World Systems: The 1930S to the 1950s. The Impact on Southern Honduras. Conclusions: The History of Uneven Development -- 4. Agricultural Development in Southern Honduras. The Human and Environmental Effects. Recent Trends in the Honduran Economy. The Cotton Boom. The Cattle Boom. Changes in Land Tenure and in the Distribution of Land. Agrarian Change and Food Security. The Effects on Diet and Nutrition. The New Nontraditionals: Shrimp and Melons. Conclusions -- 5. Local Level Responses to Agrarian Transformation: The Municipality and the Community. The Municipality of Pespire. Pespire in the Regional Context. Two Highland Communities. Agricultural Systems and Use of the Environment. Summary -- 6. Strategies for Survival: The Dynamics of Rural Impoverishment and Environmental Destruction. Income-generating Activities. The Organization of Household Labor. Socioeconomic Differentiation and Household Economic Strategies. Social Differentiation, Ecological Change, and Environmental Destruction. Population Growth and Agricultural Intensification. Conclusion: Strategies for Survival -- 7. Conclusions: The Political Ecology of Development. Human Agency and Environmental Destruction. Beyond the Prevailing Development Model. People, Poverty; and Environment in Central America -- Appendix: Research Methodology