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Early nutrition, development and health : evolutionary perspectives on the metabolic syndrome
- Author / Creator
- Available as
- Online
Details
- Creator
- Christopher Kuzawa
- Format
- Videos, Slides, Films
- Language
- English
- Publication
-
- London : Henry Stewart Talks, 2020
- Physical Details
-
- 1 videorecording (48 min., 35 sec.) : sound, color
- video file
- Retrieved April 13, 2024, from https://hstalks.com/bs/144/.
- Introduction -- Part I: background -- Adult BMI and CHD mortality -- Birth weight and CHD mortality -- How do both under\overnutrition elevate CVD risk -- How obesity leads to CVD -- How does prenatal undernutrition elevate CVD risk -- Developmental origins of health and disease (1) -- Birth weight and diabetes -- Visceral fat gain after SGA -- SGA, infant weight gain and fasting insulin -- Insulin resistance (guinea pig) -- Visceral adiposity (rat) -- Developmental origins of health and disease (2) -- Responses to undernutrition and CVD risk -- The "thrifty genotype" hypothesis -- Famine as a bottleneck -- Fetal undernutrition and obesity-related diseases -- A second type of bottleneck: developmental -- Outline: how much energy do our bodies have? -- Part II: the argument -- Metabolic scaling -- Fractal vasculature -- Fractal distribution -- Plant fractals -- Scaling of plant growth rate -- Constraints on energy -- Outline: how do humans partition their energy? -- Energy partitioning -- Growth rate vs. body mass -- Mammals vs. reptiles -- Humans have reptilian growth rate -- Human energy partioning: growth expenditure -- Use of 'saved' energy by the human body -- Brain size and energy needs -- Brain vs. body size in adult primates -- Neonatal brain size -- Percent of total RMR to brain in different animals -- Cerebral metabolism during infancy and childhood -- Percent of RMR to brain at different ages (human) -- Human energy partioning: brain expenditure -- Outline: developmental bottleneck -- Infant energy requirements -- Diarrhea (global estimate) -- Respiratory infections (Uruguay) -- Energy costs of infections -- Infection-malnutrition synergy -- Mortality rate by cause -- The developmental bottleneck -- Outline: metabolic adaptations -- How evolution equipped the infant's body to survive -- Baby fat -- Mammals: % fat at birth -- Fat percent by age -- Caloric deposition in fat -- Childhood infections as feast and famine -- The role of body fat -- Body fat and insulin resistance protect the brain -- Insulin resistance and fat gain -- Shunting glucose from muscle to fat -- Summary: adaptive role of insulin resistance -- Outline: early nutrition, evolution and health -- Fetal undernutrition and the metabolic syndrome -- Outline - SGA and metabolism: skeletal muscles -- SGA and insulin resistance -- Low birth weight and muscle insulin resistance -- Outline - SGA and metabolism: increased body fat -- Fat gain after SGA -- Outline - SGA and metabolism: fat deposition -- Visceral fat gain after SGA -- Outline - SGA and metabolism: fat mobilization -- SGA: hyperlipolytic response to stress -- Summary of hypothesis -- Part III: conclusion -- Review -- Summary of argument -- Developmental plasticity -- Modes of human adaptation -- Trends in dietary fat intake: Asian nations -- Low birth weight in Asian nations -- Thank you -- Further reading: baby fat, brains and evolution -- Further reading: DOHaD evidence -- Further reading: DOHaD evolutionary approaches -- Further reading: DOHaD public health implications