Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Authors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction: "Despots Masquerading as Democrats" -- References -- 2 What Is Democracy? -- References -- 3 Understanding Democratic Backsliding -- Measurement of Backsliding -- Background and Drivers -- Theories and Approaches -- References -- 4 The Sequence of Backsliding and the Rise of the Autocrats -- References -- 5 Bangladesh: The Making of an Electoral Autocracy -- Background: Two Rounds of the Rise and Fall of Democracy -- Democratic Backsliding: Processes and Sequences -- Context -- Agent -- Institutional Strategy -- Changing the Rules of the Game -- Capturing the Referees of the State -- Silencing the Political Opponents -- Ideological Strategy -- Audience -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Bolivia: A Miracle Turning into a Competitive Autocracy -- The Rise and Fall of Bolivian Democracy -- Democratic Backsliding in Bolivia: Process and Sequences -- Context -- Agent -- Institutional Strategy -- Changing the Rules of the Game -- Capturing the Referees of the State -- Silencing the Political Opponents -- Ideological Strategy -- Audience -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 Hungary: The Perfect Autocracy? -- The Rise and Fall of Hungarian Democracy -- Democratic Backsliding: Process and Sequences -- Context -- Agent -- Institutional Strategy -- Changing the Rules of the Game -- Capturing the Referees of the State -- Silencing the Political Opponents -- Ideological Strategy -- Audience -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 Turkey: Becoming a Closed Autocracy? -- The Rise and Fall of Turkish Democracy -- Democratic Backsliding: Process and Sequences -- Context -- Agent -- Institutional Strategy -- Changing the Rules of the Game -- Capturing the Referees of the State -- Silencing the Political Opponents -- Ideological Strategy -- Audience -- Conclusion
References -- 9 Conclusion: The Lessons Learned and the Way Forward -- References -- Index