Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Abbreviations -- Analyzing the Potential Application of Low-Cost Digital Image Correlation in Direct Shear Test -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 DIC Applications in Lab Testing of Materials -- 1.2 Direct Shear Test -- 2 Materials and Method -- 2.1 Shear Mold -- 2.2 2D-DIC Fundamentals -- 2.3 Experimental Setup -- 2.4 Validation of Results -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Noise Floor Analysis -- 3.2 Accuracy Assessment -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Applications of GIS in Estimating the Probable Maximum Earthquake Magnitude for Amaravati Region, Andhra Pradesh, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Details of the Study Area -- 3 Characterization of Seismicity -- 4 Estimation of Maximum Magnitude (Mmax) -- 4.1 Gupta (2002) (Magnitude Incremental Method) -- 4.2 Kijko-Sellevoll-Bayes (KSB) Method -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Assessing the Effect of Land Use Land Cover Change on the Water Quality Index of a River Basin Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Objectives -- 1.2 Study Area -- 1.3 Water Quality Index -- 1.4 LULC Mapping Using GIS and Remote Sensing -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 General -- 2.2 Overview of Procedure -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Estimation of WQI -- 3.2 LULC Supervised Classification -- 4 Conclusion -- 4.1 Scope of Future Work -- References -- Assessment of Fluctuations in Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon Ground Water Levels in Kurukshetra, Haryana -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 General -- 1.2 Significance of Present Study -- 1.3 Objective of the Study -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 General -- 3.2 IDW Contours in ArcGIS -- 3.3 Box Plot -- 4 Result and Discussion -- 4.1 Groundwater Table Level Average in the Pre- Monsoon Season in 2010 -- 4.2 Groundwater Table Level Average in the Pre- Monsoon Season in 2020
4.3 Groundwater Table Level Average During Post Monsoon Period in 2010 -- 4.4 Groundwater Table Level Average During Post Monsoon Period in 2020 -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Assessment of Land Use-Land Cover Changes in District Dehradun (1991-2021) -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Study Area -- 1.2 Need for the Study -- 2 Data and Methodology -- 2.1 Data Used -- 2.2 Methodology -- 2.3 Accuracy Assessment -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Problems Faced During Classification -- 3.2 Classification Accuracy -- 3.3 Relation of LULC with Population -- 3.4 Impact of LULC Changes -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Comparison of Streamflow Simulations for Different DEMs -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) Model -- 1.2 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Data -- 2.2 Methodology -- 2.3 Study Area -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Results -- 3.2 Conclusion -- References -- Comprehensive Analysis of Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Air Quality in Andhra Pradesh, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Study Area and Data Source -- 2.2 Data Analysis -- 2.3 HYSPLIT Backward Trajectory Analysis (BTA) -- 3 Result and Discussion -- 3.1 Effects of Lockdown on Air Quality -- 3.2 Meteorology and Air Quality -- 3.3 Source Identification -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Development of Mobile Application for Assessing Urban Heat Island (UHI) Using Geospatial Techniques a Case Study of Chennai City -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Study Area -- 2 Data Sets Used -- 2.1 Satellite Datasets -- 2.2 Other Datasets -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 UHI Mapping -- 3.2 Heat Stress Index (WBGT) Mapping -- 3.3 Heat Stress-Related Illnesses Mapping -- 3.4 Development of Mobile Application -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Spatial Distribution of UHI Hotspots -- 4.2 Spatial Distribution of WBGT
4.3 Examination of Health Impact -- 4.4 Interpretation from GIS Analysis -- 4.5 Information from Mobile Application -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Drones as an Alternate Communication System During Calamities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preceding Work -- 3 Mathematical Model -- 3.1 Logical Settings for the System -- 3.2 Investigation of Path Deficit Models -- 3.3 Path Loss Model Equilibrium -- 4 Devising of Mathematical Problem -- 4.1 Constraints for Mathematical Problem -- 5 Methodology -- 6 Technical Parameters for Simulation -- 7 Water-Filling Algorithm -- 8 Results and Discussion -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Drought Analysis of an Area Using Google Earth Engine -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Drought -- 1.2 Drought in India -- 1.3 About Google Earth Engine -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Procedure -- 3.1 Procedure for Calculation of SPI -- 3.2 Procedure for Calculation of DSI -- 4 Database Collection from GEE -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 5.1 Jangaon District -- 5.2 Karimnagar District -- 5.3 Mahbubnagar District -- 5.4 Nizamabad District -- 5.5 Khammam District -- 6 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Effects of Urbanization on Land Use Land Cover of Warangal Region Using RS and GIS -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Effects of Urbanization on LULC -- 1.2 Study Area -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 LULC Details of Warangal Urban Region -- 3.2 LULC Details of Warangal Rural Region -- 3.3 Population Growth of Warangal -- 3.4 Annual Rainfall of Warangal -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Effect of LULC Changes on Land Surface Temperature -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Land Surface Temperature -- 1.2 Urban Heat Island -- 1.3 Objectives -- 2 Study Area -- 2.1 Data Used -- 2.2 Methodology -- 2.3 Image Pre-processing -- 2.4 Image Classification -- 2.5 Spectral Indices -- 2.6 LST Estimation from Landsat 7 -- 2.7 LST Estimation from Landsat 8
2.8 NDVI Method for Emissivity Correction Calculation -- 2.9 Future Prediction of LULC -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Land Use Land Cover Analysis -- 3.2 NDVI -- 3.3 Land Surface Temperature Analysis -- 3.4 Future Prediction -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Estimation of Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing in Southern India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Calculation of ADRF -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 4.1 ADRF at TOA, Surface and in the Atmosphere -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Estimation of Groundwater Potential Zones in Southern Dry Agro-Climatic Area Using Geoinformatics and AHP Technique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Method -- 2.1 Thematic Layer Processing -- 2.2 Analytic Hierarchy Process -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones -- 3.2 Validation of Groundwater Potential Zone -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Evaluation and Prediction of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Kumaradhara Basin, Western Ghats, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methodology -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Data Used in the Study -- 2.3 Methodology -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Comparison of Landcover Datasets -- 3.2 Accuracy Assessment and Change Analysis of Classified Images -- 3.3 LULC Change Detection -- 3.4 Forecasting Future LULC Changes -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Evaluation of Surface Soil Moisture Using Remote Sensing and Field Studies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Data -- 3.1 Sentinel-1A -- 3.2 Sentinel-2A -- 3.3 Field Data -- 4 Method -- 4.1 Image Processing -- 4.2 Data Collection from Field -- 5 Analysis -- 5.1 Field Data Analysis -- 5.2 Soil Moisture Retrieval Model -- 6 Results and Discussion -- 6.1 Surface Soil Roughness and Backscattering Energy -- 6.2 Vegetation and Backscattering Energy -- 6.3 Dielectric Constant and Backscattering Energy
6.4 Soil Moisture and Backscattering Energy -- 6.5 Model Development -- 6.6 Validation -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Evaluation of the Influence of Land Use and Climate Changes in Runoff Simulation Using Semi-Distributed Hydrological Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Input Data -- 2.3 Description of the SWAT Model -- 2.4 Calibration and Validation -- 2.5 Separation of the Impact of Climate and LULC Change -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Sensitivity Analysis, Calibration, and Validation -- 3.2 Relative Contribution Assessment -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Flood Damage Assessment of a River Basin Using HEC-GeoRAS -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 General Background -- 1.2 Objectives -- 1.3 Study Area -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 General -- 2.2 Flood Damage Assessment -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 General -- 3.2 Description of the HEC-GeoRAS Model -- 3.3 Watershed Delineation of Vamanapuram River Basin -- 3.4 Preparation of Flood Inundation Map -- 3.5 Flood Damage Assessment -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 General -- 4.2 Watershed Delineation of Vamanapuram River Basin -- 4.3 Preparation of Flood Inundation Map -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Flood Hazard Mapping for Amaravati Region Using Geospatial Techniques -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Methods and Methodology -- 3.1 Data Used -- 3.2 Methodology -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- GIS and RS-Based Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Modelling in Manikpur, Chhattisgarh, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 2.1 Data Used -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Modelling Using Empirical Equations -- 3.2 Direct Method for the Estimation of Sediment Yield -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Groundwater Level Trends Over Southern India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area