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Indigenous Peoples and Constitutional Reform in Australia : Beyond Mere Recognition
- Author / Creator
- Available as
- Online
Details
- Creator
- Bede Harris
- Format
- Books
- Language
- English
- Publication
-
- First edition
- Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., [2024]
- ©2024
- Physical Details
-
- 1 online resource (313 pages)
- ISBNs
- 9789819971213, 9819971217, 9789819971206
- OCLC
- on1412002725
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
- Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Author -- Table of Cases -- 1 Terminology, Values and Identity -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 A Question of Terminology -- 1.3 Factors Inhibiting Constitutional Reform in Australia -- 1.4 A New Terminology -- 1.5 Differential Treatment of Indigenous People -- 1.6 Absence of Debate on Constitutional Theory in Australia -- 1.7 A Theoretical Basis for the Constitution -- 1.8 Rawls' Theory of Justice as a Fundamental Constitutional Value -- 1.9 Rawls' Theory and Communal Rights -- 1.10 Indigenous Value-Systems -- 1.11 Realisation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples -- 1.12 Who is Indigenous? -- 1.12.1 The Question of Identity -- 1.12.2 Evolution of the Legal Definition -- 1.12.3 The Three-Part Test in the Courts -- 1.13 A Critique of the Three-Part Test -- 1.13.1 Conflation of the Elements -- 1.13.2 Descent -- 1.13.3 Identification -- 1.13.4 Acceptance -- 1.13.5 A New Test -- 1.13.6 The New Test and the UNDRIP -- References -- 2 How We Got Here-The Reform Debate From 2010 to 2015 -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Previous Reform Proposals -- 2.3 The Expert Panel on Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australians -- 2.3.1 The Establishment of the Expert Panel -- 2.3.2 A Preamble -- 2.3.3 Provisions in the Constitution Which Mention Race-Sects. 25 and 51(xxvi) -- 2.3.4 A Right not to Be Discriminated Against on Grounds of Race -- 2.3.5 Indigenous Peoples and the Institutions of Government -- 2.3.6 Agreement-Making -- 2.3.7 Sovereignty -- 2.3.8 Recommendations on Processes -- 2.3.9 The Government's Response to the Report of the Expert Panel -- 2.4 The Joint Select Committee on Recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples -- 2.4.1 General Recommendations -- 2.4.2 A New Legislative Power to Replace s 51(xxvi) -- 2.4.3 A Right not to Be Subject to Racial Discrimination
- 2.4.4 An Indigenous Advisory Body -- 2.4.5 Scrutiny by the Parliamentary Human Rights Committee -- 2.4.6 Sovereignty and Treaty Aspirations -- 2.4.7 A Constitutional Convention or a Parliamentary Process? -- 2.4.8 Evaluation -- 2.4.9 Reaction to the Report -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Sovereignty and the Impact of Colonisation -- 3.1 Sovereignty and the Political Debate -- 3.2 Sovereignty as a Legal Concept -- 3.2.1 International Law -- 3.2.2 Domestic Law -- 3.3 Early Cases on the Effects of Colonisation -- 3.4 Cases After Cooper v Stewart -- 3.5 Mabo (No 2) v Queensland -- 3.6 Cases After Mabo v Queensland (No 2) -- 3.7 The Position in Other Jurisdictions -- 3.7.1 United States of America -- 3.7.2 New Zealand -- 3.8 Implications of Mabo v Queensland (No 2) for the Current Sovereignty Debate -- 3.9 Self-determination Within the Framework of Crown Sovereignty -- References -- 4 Treaty-Making and Its Limitations -- 4.1 A Treaty as Part of the Current Indigenous Rights Debate -- 4.1.1 A Treaty Re-setting Relationships -- 4.1.2 A Treaty Imposing Commitments to Action -- 4.2 The Response of Australian Governments to Calls for a Treaty -- 4.3 The Meaning of 'Treaty' as a Legal Term -- 4.4 A Treaty and Sovereignty -- 4.5 The Legal Effect of a Treaty -- 4.5.1 A Treaty as a Political Agreement -- 4.5.2 A Treaty as a Contract -- 4.5.3 A Treaty as an Act of Parliament -- 4.5.4 A Treaty Incorporated into the Constitution -- 4.6 Treaties-An Evaluation -- 4.6.1 A Treaty is an Agreement Which Does Not in Itself Have Implications for Sovereignty -- 4.6.2 A Treaty Could Have a Beneficial Symbolic Effect -- 4.6.3 Many Issues Often Proposed for Inclusion in a Treaty Can Be Addressed by Existing Law -- 4.6.4 The Utility of a Treaty is Subject to Limitations Regarding Legal Enforceability
- 4.7 A Presumption of Statutory Interpretation as a Mechanism for Achieving Treaty Objectives -- 4.8 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Self-determination and an Indigenous State -- 5.1 The Right to Self-determination Under International Law -- 5.2 Self-determination Initiatives and the Response of Australian Governments -- 5.2.1 The Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Straight Islanders (FCAATSI) -- 5.2.2 The National Aboriginal Consultative Committee (NACC) -- 5.2.3 The National Aboriginal Conference (NAC) -- 5.2.4 The Barunga Statement -- 5.2.5 The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) -- 5.2.6 The Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation -- 5.2.7 The National Congress of Australia's First Peoples -- 5.2.8 Evaluation -- 5.3 Consociationalism as a Theoretical Framework for Self-determination -- 5.4 Consociationalism in the Australian Context -- 5.5 Self-determination and Australian Federalism -- 5.6 Representation of an Indigenous State in the Senate -- 5.7 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Legal Pluralism -- 6.1 The Concept of Legal Pluralism -- 6.2 Issues Raised by Legal Pluralism as an Incident of Indigenous Self-determination -- 6.3 Inquiries into the Status of Indigenous Law -- 6.3.1 Australian Law Reform Commission -- 6.3.2 Northern Territory Law Reform Committee -- 6.3.3 Law Reform Commission of Western Australia -- 6.3.4 The Current Status of Indigenous Law in Australia -- 6.4 Legal Pluralism in the United States -- 6.4.1 The Sovereign Status of the Indian Tribes -- 6.4.2 Tribal, Federal and State Jurisdiction -- 6.4.3 Tribal Law and the Indian Civil Rights Act -- 6.5 Legal Pluralism in South Africa -- 6.5.1 Indigenous Sovereignty and Colonisation in South Africa -- 6.5.2 The Black Administration Act -- 6.5.3 Choice of Law Rules -- 6.5.4 Customary Law in the Post-apartheid Legal System
- 6.5.5 Customary Law and the Bill of Rights -- 6.5.6 Statutory Reforms to Traditional Government Structures -- 6.6 Recognition of Legal Pluralism in Australia -- 6.6.1 Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Law -- 6.6.2 Choice of Law Rules -- 6.7 Indigenous Law and Human Rights -- 6.7.1 Universal Rights Versus Cultural Relativism -- 6.7.2 Indigenous Law and Human Rights in Australia -- 6.7.3 Recognition of Indigenous Law in the Absence of a Bill of Rights -- References -- 7 Rights, Race and Culture -- 7.1 Race in the Constitution -- 7.1.1 Race and the Drafting of the Constitution -- 7.1.2 The 1967 Referendum -- 7.2 Judicial Interpretation of the Races Power -- 7.3 Australian Anti-discrimination Law and Its Limitations -- 7.4 Debate on a Constitutional Right -- 7.5 A Critique of Arguments Made Against a Non-discrimination Right -- 7.5.1 The Alleged Unfairness of Offering Constitutional Protection Only to One Right -- 7.5.2 The Supposed Inability of the Courts to Interpret an Affirmative Action Provision -- 7.5.3 Powerful Business Interests Would Not Accept a Constitutional Anti-discrimination Right -- 7.5.4 Opposition to the Courts Being Given Power to Invalidate Law Made by Parliament -- 7.6 The Important Contribution of a Right to Culture -- References -- 8 The Voice to Parliament -- 8.1 Origins and Critique of the Voice to Parliament Concept -- 8.2 Indigenous Representative Bodies in Other Jurisdictions -- 8.2.1 Nordic Countries -- 8.2.2 South Africa -- 8.2.3 Comparison and Evaluation of the Institutions -- 8.3 The Referendum Council -- 8.4 The Regional Dialogues -- 8.5 The National Constitutional Convention and the Uluru Statement from the Heart -- 8.6 The Referendum Council's Recommendations -- 8.7 The Government's Response to the Uluru Statement
- 8.8 The Joint Select Committee on Constitutional Recognition Relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples -- 8.8.1 The Role of the Joint Select Committee -- 8.8.2 The Committee's Findings -- 8.8.3 An Evaluation of the Report -- 8.8.4 The Government's Response to the Report -- 8.9 The Indigenous Voice Co-design Process -- 8.9.1 The Structure of the Co-design Process -- 8.9.2 The Report of the Indigenous Voice Co-design Process -- 8.9.3 An Evaluation of the Report -- 8.10 Formulating the Referendum Question -- 8.10.1 The Coalition Government's Response to the Co-design Proposal -- 8.10.2 The Labor Government and the First Nations Referendum Working Group -- 8.10.3 The Referendum Bill -- 8.11 An Evaluation of the Voice Concept -- References -- 9 Indigenous Parliamentary Representation -- 9.1 Indigenous Representation and Consociationalism -- 9.2 Indigenous Representation in Other Countries -- 9.2.1 Separate Representation as a Mechanism to Address Political Deadlock -- 9.2.2 Separate Representation for Indigenous Peoples -- 9.2.3 South America-Bolivia, Colombia and Venezuela -- 9.2.4 Taiwan -- 9.2.5 Maine -- 9.2.6 New Zealand -- 9.3 Debate in Australia on Separate Indigenous Representation -- 9.4 The Mechanics of Indigenous Representation -- 9.5 A Voice in Parliament Compared to a Voice to Parliament -- References -- 10 Summary of Reforms and the Way Forward -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Summary of Reforms -- 10.2.1 Repeal of s 25 -- 10.2.2 Redrafting of s 51(xxvi) -- 10.2.3 Dedicated Indigenous Seats in the House of Representatives -- 10.2.4 An Indigenous State -- 10.2.5 Recognition of Indigenous Law -- 10.2.6 A Voice to Parliament -- 10.2.7 A Presumption of Statutory Interpretation -- 10.2.8 A Right Not to Be Discriminated Against on Grounds of Race, Colour or Ethnic Origin -- 10.2.9 Cultural Rights -- 10.2.10 A Definition of Indigeneity
- 10.3 Correlation of Reforms with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples