Interstate uses of force, tensions, and restraints by regions since WWII -- Interstate uses of force, tensions, and restraints during major phases of international relations since WWII -- Incentives to the interstate uses of force and restraints -- Historical evolution of norms and other means to restrain the use of force -- Overview of disincentives to and restraints on the interstate use of force -- Military strength to deter others from using force -- Nuclear and other non-conventional weapons and means as deterrents and threats -- Disarmament as restraint on the use of force -- Preventing the interstate use of force by preventing or solving conflicts : mediation, arbitration, fact-finding, diplomacy -- Restraints on the interstate use of force through legal norms -- UN Charter articles relating to the use of force -- The Security Council may use or authorize states or regional organizations to use force -- The right to individual and collective self-defence as an exception to Art.2:4 -- Interventions triggered by factors unforeseen at the adoption of the Charter's ban on the interstate use of force -- Interventions seeking regime change, protection of people or punishment -- Findings regarding the role of norms to restrain the interstate use of force -- States are saying farewell to wars