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Mining and processing residues : future's source of critical raw materials
- Available as
- Online
Details
- Creator
- edited by Olga Chernoburova, Alexandre Chagnes
- Format
- Books
- Language
- English
- Contributors
- Publication
-
- Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier, [2023]
- ©2023
- Physical Details
-
- 1 online resource (320 pages)
- ISBNs
- 9780323951760, 0323951767, 9780323951753
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
- Front Cover -- Mining and Processing Residues -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Epigraph -- Reference -- Introduction -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction to critical raw materials: why so critical? -- 1.2 Sources of critical raw materials, recycling rate, and meeting the European Union demand -- 1.3 Main problem and objective statements -- References -- 1 Critical raw material-containing residues -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Mining wastes -- 1.3 Mineral processing wastes (tailings) -- 1.4 Metallurgical wastes -- 1.4.1 Slags -- 1.4.2 Dusts -- 1.4.3 Slimes -- 1.4.4 Muds -- 1.5 Wastewaters and acid mine drainage -- 1.5.1 Generation of wastewater -- 1.5.2 Generation of acid rock drainage -- 1.5.3 Classification -- 1.5.4 Impacts of wastewater and acid drainage -- 1.5.4.1 Acidity -- 1.5.4.2 Iron precipitates -- 1.5.4.3 Dissolved heavy metals and metalloids -- 1.5.4.4 Total dissolved salts -- 1.5.5 Acid rock drainage prediction -- 1.5.5.1 Static tests -- 1.5.5.1.1 Carbon -- 1.5.5.1.2 Sulfur -- 1.5.5.1.3 Acid-base accounting -- 1.5.5.1.4 Net acid generation -- 1.5.5.1.5 Acid buffering characteristic curve -- 1.5.5.1.6 Leachable metals -- 1.5.5.2 Kinetic tests -- 1.5.5.2.1 Humidity cell tests -- 1.5.5.2.2 Column leach tests -- 1.5.5.2.3 Field test methods -- 1.5.6 Valorization -- 1.5.6.1 Water reclamation -- 1.5.6.2 Recovery and synthesis of valuable minerals and metals -- 1.5.6.3 Recovery of sulfuric acid -- 1.5.6.4 Production of electricity -- 1.5.6.5 Treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Residue sampling and characterization -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Critical raw materials in bauxite residues -- 2.3 Sampling methods -- 2.3.1 Sampling strategies -- 2.3.1.1 Definition of geological units -- 2.3.1.2 Sample size -- 2.3.1.3 Sample storage and preparation
- 2.3.1.4 Reporting information -- 2.3.1.4.1 Sampling for the screening -- 2.3.1.4.2 Sampling for detailed characterization -- 2.3.1.4.3 Sampling for determination of acid rock drainage and waste waters -- 2.3.1.4.4 Sampling of mine residues using a geometallurgical approach -- 2.3.2 Sampling techniques -- 2.3.2.1 Grab sampling -- 2.3.2.2 Trench sampling -- 2.3.2.3 Auger drilling -- 2.3.2.4 Reverse circulation drilling -- 2.3.2.5 Air coring -- 2.3.2.6 Sonic drilling -- 2.3.3 Summary -- 2.4 Analytical techniques for material characterization -- 2.4.1 Geochemical characterization -- 2.4.1.1 X-ray fluorescence -- 2.4.1.2 Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy -- 2.4.1.3 Instrumental neutron activation analysis -- 2.4.1.4 Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry -- 2.4.2 Mineralogical characterization -- 2.4.2.1 Infrared spectroscopy -- 2.4.2.1.1 Visible-near infrared and short-wave infrared spectral reflectance -- 2.4.2.1.2 Mid-wave infrared and long-wave infrared spectral reflectance -- 2.4.2.2 Raman spectroscopy -- 2.4.2.3 X-ray diffraction -- 2.4.3 Microanalysis -- 2.4.4 Other techniques -- 2.4.4.1 Laser granulometry -- 2.4.4.2 Techniques for the determination of specific surface area and specific gravity -- 2.4.4.3 Techniques for determination of mineral hardness -- 2.4.4.4 Fluid chemistry -- 2.4.4.5 Gamma-ray spectroscopy -- 2.4.5 Summary -- 2.5 Characterization of mining residues using remote sensing -- 2.5.1 Acquisition of earth observation data -- 2.5.1.1 Satellite (Spaceborne) -- 2.5.1.2 Crewed aircraft (airborne) -- 2.5.1.3 Uncrewed aircraft (drone-borne) -- 2.5.2 Applications in mine residues -- 2.5.2.1 Stream sediments -- 2.5.2.2 Mineral and metal contamination -- 2.5.2.3 Acid rock drainage -- 2.5.2.4 Revalorization of mine wastes -- 2.5.3 Summary
- 2.6 Data analytics and digitalization -- 2.6.1 Data analytics and machine learning -- 2.6.2 Virtual and augmented reality and modeling -- 2.6.3 Outlook -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Processing and extraction of critical raw materials from residues -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Mining waste -- 3.1.2 Mineral processing waste (tailings) -- 3.1.3 Metallurgical wastes -- 3.1.3.1 Slags -- 3.1.3.2 Dusts -- 3.1.3.3 Slimes -- 3.1.3.4 Muds -- 3.1.4 Industrial effluents and acid mine drainage -- 3.1.4.1 Adsorption -- 3.1.4.2 Biosorption -- 3.1.4.3 Coagulation and flocculation -- 3.1.4.4 Ion exchange -- 3.1.4.5 Photocatalysis -- 3.1.4.6 Precipitation -- 3.1.4.7 Electrochemical recovery -- 3.1.4.8 Membrane technology -- 3.1.4.9 Hybrid technologies -- 3.1.4.10 Microbial fuel cells -- 3.2 Recovery of critical raw materials from residues: processing and extraction techniques -- 3.2.1 Antimony -- 3.2.2 Bismuth -- 3.2.3 Cobalt -- 3.2.4 Gallium -- 3.2.5 Germanium -- 3.2.6 Rare earth elements -- 3.2.7 Indium -- 3.2.8 Magnesium -- 3.2.9 Platinum group metals -- 3.2.10 Scandium -- 3.2.11 Tantalum and niobium -- 3.2.12 Tungsten -- 3.2.13 Vanadium -- 3.2.14 Lithium -- 3.2.15 Titanium -- 3.3 Technologies for process enhancement -- 3.3.1 Microwave-assisted technologies -- 3.3.2 Ultrasound-assisted technologies -- 3.3.3 Electric pulse fragmentation -- 3.3.4 Magnetic pulse -- 3.3.5 Roasting -- 3.3.6 Machine learning and artificial intelligence -- 3.4 Case study -- 3.4.1 Bauxite residues reprocessing initiatives launched in the European Union -- 3.4.1.1 Mud2Metal (EIP raw material commitment) -- 3.4.1.2 SCALE -- 3.4.1.3 EURARE -- 3.4.1.4 REMOVAL -- 3.4.1.5 REEBAUX -- 3.4.2 Laboratory-tested "TRL 4" processing options -- 3.4.2.1 Sulfation-roasting-leaching -- 3.4.2.2 Dry digestion -- 3.4.2.3 Bioleaching -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References
- 4 Authorization and legal aspects of residue storage and reprocessing -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Legal framework regarding residue and waste management -- 4.2.1 European legal framework -- 4.2.1.1 Waste disposal characteristics -- 4.2.1.2 Classification of waste disposal facilities -- 4.2.1.3 Implementation of the Extractive Waste Directive in the Member States -- 4.2.1.4 Technical guidelines for inspection of disposal waste facilities -- 4.2.1.5 Additional guidelines and technical reference documents at the EU level -- 4.2.1.6 An example on application of EU legislation over mining wastes with high recovery potential: the bauxite residues f... -- 4.2.2 Application of European Extractive Waste Directive to European Countries -- 4.2.2.1 Italy -- 4.2.2.2 France -- 4.2.2.3 Greece -- 4.2.2.4 Spain -- 4.2.2.5 Portugal -- 4.2.2.6 Germany -- 4.2.2.7 United Kingdom -- 4.2.2.8 Romania -- 4.3 Authorization issues relating to residue reprocessing -- 4.4 Case studies -- 4.4.1 Reuse of bauxite residues for cement industries: Mytilineos AoG, Greece -- 4.4.2 Prolongation of working life of a copper mine: Copper Las Cruces, Spain -- 4.4.3 Restoration of tailings of a sodium dichromate production plant: Wastes Ecotech, Romania -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Environmental, social, and economic implications of critical raw materials' extraction from residues -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Critical raw materials and circular economy -- 5.3 Scenario analysis, with economic and environmental interactions of recovered critical raw materials -- 5.4 Near-zero-waste approach to the recovery of critical raw materials from tailings, supported by material flow analysis -- 5.4.1 Material flow analysis -- 5.4.2 Preliminary evaluation of potential destinations for a near-zero-waste bauxite residue reprocessing: a case study
- 5.5 Mid-long-term market dynamics for critical raw materials (demand-supply dynamics) -- 5.5.1 Break-even analysis -- 5.5.2 Net present value -- 5.5.3 Life cycle costing -- 5.5.4 Market analysis -- 5.5.4.1 Scandium -- 5.5.4.2 Vanadium -- 5.5.4.3 Titanium -- 5.5.5 Future challenges -- 5.6 Environmental benefits and burdens associated to critical raw material recovery: the assessment of mining, mineral proc... -- 5.6.1 Life cycle assessment in mining and metal production industry -- 5.6.2 Life cycle assessment framework and main phases -- 5.6.2.1 Goal and scope -- 5.6.2.2 Life cycle inventory -- 5.6.2.3 The life cycle impact assessment -- 5.6.3 Life cycle assessment of tailings management -- 5.6.3.1 Life cycle assessment of critical raw materials' recovery from stockpiles and tailings -- 5.6.4 Conclusions -- 5.7 Social impact and acceptance of renewing the mining and processing activity -- 5.8 Conclusions -- References -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendices -- Author Index -- Subject Index -- Back Cover