Environmental Exemptions for the Navy's Mid-Frequency Active Sonar Training Program

Author / Creator

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Available as

Online

Summary

Describes mid-frequency active (MFA) sonar technology, and explains potential harm caused to marine mammals. Summarizes MFA regulations under various environmental laws, and examines litigation sur...

Describes mid-frequency active (MFA) sonar technology, and explains potential harm caused to marine mammals. Summarizes MFA regulations under various environmental laws, and examines litigation surrounding regular Navy training exercises off coast of California. Reviews Navy environmental exemption for MFA sonar training exercises, and provides legal analysis.

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