Introduction: How to tell a Western story -- Naturalism's handiwork : labor, class, and space in Frank Norris's McTeague : a story of San Francisco -- Civic identity and the ethos of belonging : María Amparo Ruiz de Burton's The squatter and the Don and Raymond Barrio's The plum plum pickers -- Watching the West erode in the 1930s : Sanora Babb's Whose names are unknown, Frank Waters's Below grass roots, and John Fante's Wait until spring, Bandini and ask the dust -- He was a good cowboy : identity and history on the post-World War II Texas ranch in Larry McMurtry's Horseman, pass by, Elmer Kelton's The time it never rained, and Cormac McCarthy's All the pretty horses -- Tradition and modernization battle it out on rocky soil : Sherman Alexie's The lone ranger and Tonto fistfight in Heaven, Stephen Graham Jones's The bird is gone, and Linda Hogan's Mean spirit -- From prairie to oil : hybridization and belonging via class, labor, and space in Philipp Meyer's The son