Political leaders of Xinjiang -- Introduction: Xinjiang and the dead hand of history -- Xinjiang and the Uyghurs: an overview -- Part 1: Deep roots of the Xinjiang conflict -- Turkic Muslims and the Chinese state: a history of conflict -- Escalation of violence in the 1990s -- China's Western Development Programme and Xinjiang -- Part 2: Urumqi, Kashgar, Khotan: 2009-2015 -- Two days that shook Urumqi July 2009 -- Kashgar and Khotan since 2010-11: Islam, ethnicity, and traditional Uyghur culture in southern Xinjiang -- Xi Jinping administration and Xinjiang: widening conflict and the search for new strategies -- Part 3: Conflict and resolution in Xinjiang: the Xi Jinping era -- Xinjiang and China's evolving policy on terrorism (2009-18) -- Conflict in Xinjiang and its resolution