Introduction -- Antiparty constitutionalism and the tradition of political parties -- Partyism prior to the Constitution -- Partyism and the First Amendment: organizing opposition and the partisan press -- Partyism and the presidential selection system : the Twelfth Amendment and political opposition -- Partyism and organized opposition in elections -- Partyism and the electoral college : completing the Twelfth Amendment -- Partyism, the elections clause, and the House of Representatives -- Conclusion