Introduction -- 1. Reproduction in history / Nick Hopwood, Rebecca Flemming and Lauren Kassell -- Part I. Inventing generation -- Introduction to part I / Rebecca Flemming -- 2. Phallic infertility in the Ancient Near East and Egypt / Stephanie Lynn Budin -- 3. Women and doctors in Ancient Greece / Helen King -- 4. Animal and plant generation in Classical Antiquity / Laurence M. V. Totelin -- 5. States and populations in the Classical World / Rebecca Flemming -- 6. The ancient family and the law / Tim Parkin -- 7. Galen's generations of seeds / Rebecca Flemming -- 8. Debating the soul in Late Antiquity / Marie-Hélène Congourdeau -- Part II. Generation reborn and reformed -- Introduction to part II / Lauren Kassell -- 9. Generation in Medieval Islamic medicine / Nahyan Fancy -- 10. The multitude in later Medieval thought / Peter Biller -- 11. Managing childbirth and fertiltiy in Medieval Europe / Katharine Park -- 12. Formed fetuses and healthy children in scholastic theology, medicine and law / Maaike van der Lugt -- 13. Generation between script and print / Peter Murray Jones -- 14. Innate heat, radical moisture and generation / Gianna Pomata -- 15. Pictures and analogies in the anatomy of generation / Karin Ekholm -- 16. Fruitful bodies and astrological medicine / Lauren Kassell -- 17. Family resemblance in the Old Regime / Silvia De Renzi -- 18. The emergence of population / Philip Kreager -- 19. Generation in the Ottoman World / Miri Shefer-Mossensohn and Rebecca Flemming -- Part III. Inventing reproduction -- Introduction to part III / Nick Hopwood -- 20. The keywords 'generation' and 'reproduction' / Nick Hopwood -- 21. Linnaeus and the love lives of plants / Staffan Müller-Wille -- 22. Man-midwifery revisited / Mary E. Fissell -- 23. Biopolitics and the invention of population / Andrea Rusnock -- 24. Marriage and fertility in different household systems / Richard M. Smith -- 25. Colonialism and the emergence of racial theories / Renato G. Mazzolini -- 26. Talking origins / James A. Secord -- Part IV. Modern reproduction -- Introduction to part IV / Nick Hopwood -- 27. Breeding farm animals and humans / Sarah Wilmot -- 28. Eggs and sperm as germ cells / Florence Vienne -- 29. Movements to separate sex and reproduction / Lesley A. Hall -- 30. Fertility transitions and sexually transmitted infections / Simon Szreter -- 31. Modern infertility / Christina Benninghaus -- 32. Modern ignorance / Kate Fisher -- 33. Imperial encounters / Philippa Levine -- Part V. Reproduction centre stage -- Introduction to part V / Nick Hopwood -- 34. World population from eugenics to climate change / Alison Bashford -- 35. Sex hormones, pharmacy and the reproductive sciences / Jean-Paul Gaudillière -- 36. Technologies of contraception and abortion / Jesse Olszynko-Gryn -- 37. Hospital birth / Salim Al-Gailani -- 38. Prenatal diagnosis, surveillance and risk / Ilana Löwy -- 39. Aritificial fertilization / Nick Hopwood -- 40. Modern law and regulation / Martin H. Johnson and Nick Hopwood -- 41. Sex, gender and babies / John Forrester -- 42. Feminism and reproduction / Sarah Frankling -- 43. Globalization / Nick Hopwood -- Epilogue -- 44. Concluding reflections / Nick Hopwood, Rebecca Flemming and Lauren Kassell