Intro; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Integrating Human Behavior Factors into Design; 2.1 Use of this Guide; 2.2 Human Behaviour Assumptions Within Fire Codes and Standards; 2.3 Performance-based Design and Human Behavior Considerations Worldwide; 2.4 Time as Function of Behavior; 2.5 Informing the Engineer for Improved Consideration of Human Behavior; Part I: Understanding Human Behavior in Fires; Chapter 3: Population Characteristics; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Population Numbers and Density; 3.3 Alone Or with Others; 3.4 Familiarity with the Building
3.5 Distribution and Activities3.6 Alertness; 3.7 Physical and Cognitive Ability; 3.8 Social Affiliation; 3.9 Role and Responsibility; 3.10 Location; 3.11 Commitment/Investment; 3.12 Focal Point; 3.13 Occupant Condition; 3.13.1 Gender; 3.13.2 Culture; 3.13.3 Age; 3.14 Other Factors; Chapter 4: Occupant Behavior Concepts: Cues, Decisions and Actions; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The Protective Action Decision-Making Process; 4.2.1 Cues; 4.2.2 Sensing the Cue(s); 4.2.2.1 Fire Environment; 4.2.2.2 Building Characteristics; 4.2.2.3 People; 4.2.3 Paying Attention to the Cue(s)
4.2.4 Comprehending the Cue(s)4.2.4.1 Fire Environment; 4.2.4.2 Building Characteristics; 4.2.4.3 People; 4.2.5 Processing the Cue; 4.2.5.1 Fire Environment; 4.2.5.2 Building Characteristics; 4.2.5.3 People; 4.2.6 Decision-making and Taking Protective Action; 4.2.6.1 Fire Environment; 4.2.6.2 Building Characteristics; 4.2.6.3 People; 4.2.7 Breaks in the Decision-making Process: Seeking Additional Information; 4.3 The Myth of Panic; 4.4 Impact of Human Behavior in Fire on Fire Protection Engineering Design and Analysis; 4.4.1 The Impact of Human Behavior on Evacuation Timing Calculations
4.4.2 Human Behavior Considerations Related to Warnings or Messages4.4.3 Human Behavior Considerations Related to Occupant Emergency Training; 4.5 Summary: Behavioral Facts; Chapter 5: Effects of Fire Effluent; 5.1 Effects of Exposure to Smoke and Smoke Components; 5.1.1 Asphyxiants; 5.1.1.1 Carbon Monoxide; 5.1.1.2 Hydrogen Cyanide; 5.1.2 Hypoxia; 5.1.3 Carbon Dioxide; 5.1.4 Irritants; 5.1.5 Toxic Fire Gas Interactions; 5.1.6 Heat; 5.1.6.1 Heat Stroke (Hyperthermia); 5.1.6.2 Skin Burns; 5.1.6.3 Thermal Damage to the Respiratory Tract; 5.2 Visibility/Smoke Obscuration
Part II: Modelling Human Behavior in FireChapter 6: Development and Selection of Occupant Behavioral Scenarios; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Background; 6.3 Occupant Behavioral Scenarios; 6.3.1 Some Aspects of Occupant Scenarios are tied to the Fire Scenario; 6.3.2 Identifying Occupant Scenarios; 6.4 Documentation; 6.5 Quantifying Occupant Behavioral Scenarios for the Evaluation; 6.5.1 Delay Time Before Occupants Begin to Evacuate; 6.5.1.1 Time from Ignition to Detection; 6.5.1.2 Time from Detection to Alarm; 6.5.2 Travel Speed; 6.5.3 Available Route Options; 6.5.4 Path Choice; 6.5.5 Travel Flow