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Himalayan phytochemicals : sustainable options for sourcing and developing bioactive compounds
- Author / Creator
- Available as
- Online
Details
- Creator
- Sumira Jan, Nazia Abbas
- Format
- Books
- Language
- English
- Publication
-
- First edtiion
- Amsterdan, Netherlands : Elsevier, [2018]
- ©2018
- Physical Details
-
- 1 online resource (360 pages) : illustrations
- ISBNs
- 0081022271, 9780081022276, 0081022360, 9780081022368
- OCLC
- on1031373803
- Includes index.
- Front Cover -- Himalayan Phytochemicals: Sustainable Options for Sourcing and Developing Bioactive Compounds -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Biogeographic Distribution of Medicinal and Aromatic Herbs -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Historical Perspective and Current Position of MAPs -- 1.3 Distribution Pattern of MAPs in Himalaya -- 1.4 Correct Identification and Management Implications -- 1.4.1 Correct Identification -- 1.4.2 Management Implication -- 1.5 Alien and Invasive Flora of Kashmir -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2 Utilization and Botanical Significance of Himalayan Herbs -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Botanical Aspects and Taxonomical Evaluation -- 2.2.1 Botanical Aspects of MAPs -- 2.2.2 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy -- 2.3 Ecophysiology and Biochemical Features -- 2.4 Pharmacological Significance -- 2.5 Medicinal and Therapeutic Potential -- 2.6 Advancement in Utilization and Conservation Strategies -- 2.7 Commercial Herb Utilization -- 2.8 Endemic Aromatic Herbs of Kashmir Valley -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3 Conservation and Cultivation of Herbs: Challenge and Policy Making -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Taxonomy as Imperative Tool -- 3.3 Documentation of Flora -- 3.3.1 Duration of Survey -- 3.3.2 Collection Methods -- 3.3.3 Data Analysis -- 3.4 Diversity and Significance of Medicinal Plants -- 3.5 Challenges in Medicinal Plants Sector -- 3.5.1 Rising Demand -- 3.5.2 Increasing Rarity -- 3.5.3 Cultivation of Medicinal Plants -- 3.5.4 Bio-Prospecting and Bio-Piracy -- 3.5.5 Strengthening Legalized Market System -- 3.6 Opportunities in Developing the Medicinal Plants Sector -- 3.6.1 Existing Policies -- 3.6.2 Institutional Support -- 3.6.3 Recommendations for Developing the Medicinal Plants Sector -- 3.7 Biodiversity Strategy
- 3.7.1 Biodiversity Act 2002 -- 3.8 Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 4 Chemistry of Himalayan Phytochemicals -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Major Classes of Phytochemicals -- Phenolics -- Phenolic Acids -- Flavonoids -- Tannin -- Alkaloids -- Terpenoids -- 4.1.2 Temporal and Spatial Accumulation of Phytochemicals -- 4.1.3 Environmental Regulation of Phytochemicals -- Light/Solar Radiation -- Soil Nutrients -- Moisture Stress -- Temperature -- 4.1.4 Extraction and Isolation Techniques -- Identification and Characterization -- Chromatographic Techniques -- Thin-Layer Chromatography and Bio-Autographic Methods -- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- Nonchromatographic Techniques -- Immunoassay -- Phytochemical Screening Assay -- Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy -- 4.1.5 Characterisation of Phytochemicals -- Mass Spectrometry Methods for Identification and Quantification -- Other Methods for Identification and Quantification -- 4.2 Biosynthesis of Major Phytochemicals -- 4.2.1 Terpenes -- 4.2.2 Alkaloids -- 4.2.3 Plant Phenolics: Phenylpropaniods -- 4.2.4 Carotenoids -- 4.3 Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 5 Biotechnological Strategies for Improvement of Aromatic and Medicinal Herbs -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Applications of In Vitro Plant Regeneration and Micro Propagation in MAPs Improvement -- 5.2.1 Regeneration by Axillary Buds/Apical Shoots -- 5.2.2 Regeneration by Adventitious Shoots -- 5.2.3 Regeneration Through Somatic Embryogenesis -- 5.2.4 Production of Secondary Metabolites From Medicinal Plants -- Taxol -- Morphine and Codeine -- l-DOPA -- Diosgenin -- Camptothecin -- Berberine -- 5.2.5 Conservation Through Cryopreservation -- 5.3 Genetic Transformation for Improvement of Yield and Quality of MAPs -- 5.3.1 Agrobacterium tumefaciens Mediated Transformation
- 5.3.2 RNAi Technology -- 5.3.3 Molecular Pharming for High Production of Bioactive Compounds -- Plant-Derived Recombinant Proteins -- 5.4 Traditional Breeding Principles as Applied to Medicinal Plants -- 5.5 Pathway Engineering in MAPs -- 5.6 Engineering Agronomic Traits in MAPs -- 5.7 Public Perception of Biotechnology: Implications for MAPs -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 6 Quality Assurance and Quality Control of Medicinal and Aromatic Herbs -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Standardization of MAPs-Concepts and Scope -- 6.3 The Need for Standardization-Producers' and Consumers' Perspective -- 6.4 Standardization and Quality Control of Herbal Crude Drugs-Processes and Procedures -- 6.4.1 Physical Evaluation -- 6.4.2 Microscopic Evaluation -- 6.4.3 Chemical Evaluation -- 6.4.4 Microbial Contaminants and Aflatoxins -- 6.4.5 Biological Evaluation and Purity Determination -- 6.5 Detection of Adulteration in MAPs Products by Modern Genetic and Epi-Genetic Approaches -- 6.6 Good Agricultural/Manufacturing Practices -- 6.7 Critical Factors Affecting the Quality Control of Herbal Drug -- 6.7.1 Analytical Methods and Chromatography -- 6.7.2 Quantitative Analysis -- 6.7.3 Control of Starting Material -- 6.8 Authentication and Reproducibility of Herbal Ingredients -- 6.8.1 Adulteration/Substitution -- Direct or Intentional Adulteration -- Indirect or Unintentional Adulteration -- 6.8.2 Identity and Purity -- 6.8.3 Contaminants of Herbal Ingredients -- 6.8.4 Standardization of Herbal Medicines -- 6.8.5 Microscopic Evaluation -- 6.8.6 Foreign Matter -- 6.8.7 Ash Content -- 6.8.8 Heavy Metals -- 6.8.9 Pesticide Residues -- 6.8.10 Radioactive Contamination -- 6.8.11 Validation and Release of Herbal Products -- Labelling of Herbal Products -- References -- Further Reading
- Chapter 7 Marketing Indigenous Herbs: Connecting Link Between International Trade and Himalayan Livelihood -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Medicinal Plant Management and Marketing-Conservation and Livelihood Challenges -- 7.2.1 Development of the Chain: Factors Limiting Medicinal-Plant Cultivation -- 7.2.2 Long Gestation Period and High Risk -- 7.2.3 Transaction Costs -- 7.2.4 Social Capital and Values -- 7.2.5 Institutional Infrastructure -- 7.2.6 Overcoming Constraints by Public-Private Partnerships -- 7.3 International Herbal Market System and Tribal Knowledge -- 7.4 Emerging Markets for MAPs -- 7.5 Demands for MAPs -- 7.6 Global Marketing Opportunities -- 7.7 Exports and Imports -- 7.8 Challenges -- 7.9 Marketing Strategies -- 7.10 Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- Appendix -- Index -- Back Cover