Foreword; Acknowledgements; Contents; Abbreviations; Corpora; Dictionaries; Other Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; 1.1 General Background; 1.2 Aims of the Study; 1.3 The Shape of the Study; References; 2 The Notion of Collocation; 2.1 The Importance of Collocation; 2.1.1 The Pervasiveness of Phraseological Tendency; 2.1.2 The Importance of Collocation for L2 Learners; 2.1.2.1 Phraseological Knowledge Is Important for Native-like Production; 2.1.2.2 Phraseological Knowledge Is Beneficial for Efficient Comprehension; 2.1.3 Summary; 2.2 The Notion of Collocation
2.2.1 Collocation Previously Approached2.2.1.1 The Psychological Approach; 2.2.1.2 The Firthian Approach; Text-Oriented Studies on Collocation; Frequency-Based Studies on Collocation; 2.2.1.3 The Phraseological Approach; Semantic Transparency/Opacity; Specialised Senses of One Element; Commutability/Substitutability; 2.2.2 Collocation Defined in This Study; 2.2.3 Collocations Classified in This Study; 2.2.4 Summary; References; 3 Collocation Studies in Second-Language Learner English; 3.1 Methodologies Adopted in L2 Collocation Studies; 3.1.1 Elicitation Data-Based Collocation Studies
3.1.2 Spontaneous Data-Based Collocation Studies3.2 Previous Findings from L2 Collocation Research; 3.2.1 Forms of Collocation Deficiency: Overuse, Underuse and Misuse; 3.2.1.1 Overuse and Underuse; 3.2.1.2 Collocation Misuse; 3.2.2 The Role of Learners' L1; 3.2.2.1 L1 Influence in Terms of L1-Induced Inappropriate Collocation Uses; 3.2.2.2 The Role of L1 in Terms of L1 and L2 Collocation (Non)Congruence; 3.2.3 Collocation Lag; 3.3 Summary; References; 4 Research Design; 4.1 Research Purpose and Questions; 4.2 The Selection of Verb + Noun, Adjective + Noun and Noun + Noun Collocations
4.3 The Learner Corpus-CLEC4.4 Collocation Dictionaries for Reference; 4.5 The Reference Corpus-BNC; 4.6 Software for Retrieval and Analysis; 4.7 Procedure; 4.7.1 Tagging and Reliability Check; 4.7.1.1 POS Tagging; 4.7.1.2 Reliability Check; 4.7.2 Investigation of Verb + Noun Collocations; 4.7.2.1 Extracting Well-Formed and Erroneous Collocations; 4.7.2.2 Creating Databases for All the Collocations Produced by the Three Levels of Learners; 4.7.2.3 Classifying the Lexical Verbs in VN Collocations into Synonym Sets; 4.7.3 Investigation of Adjective + Noun and Noun + Noun Collocations
4.8 SummaryReferences; 5 Chinese Learners' Production of Verb + Noun Collocations; 5.1 Overall Analyses (1): General Patterns of VN Collocations Produced by L2 Learners; 5.1.1 Overall Tokens of Collocations; 5.1.2 Overall Types of Collocations and Collocation Frequency Distribution; 5.1.3 Collocation Misuses; 5.1.4 Synopsis of Overall Analyses (1); 5.2 Overall Analyses (2): Between-Group Comparisons of Delexical and Lexical VN Collocations; 5.2.1 Between-Group Comparisons of Well-Formed DeLexVN and LexVN Collocations; 5.2.2 Between-Group Comparisons of Erroneous DeLexVN and LexVN Collocations