Introduction: from the Colfax Massacre in the 1870s to the rape of Christy Brzonkala in the 1990s -- Strong national power under the pre-Civil War court -- Creating the New Birth Constitution -- Reconstruction legislation under the New Birth Amendments -- How the Klan and court killed Reconstruction -- The second Reconstruction -- The Rehnquist court revives reviled precedents -- Conclusion: Restoring the civic memory of the New Birth Constitution