Italian gemology during the Renaissance: a step toward modern mineralogy / Annibale Mottana -- Agricola and the birth of the mineralogical sciences in Italy in the sixteenth century / Nicoletta Morello -- Geology and the artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, mainly Florentine / David Branagan -- Ulisse Aldrovandi and the origin of geology and science / Gian Battista Vai, William Cavazza -- Kircher and Steno on the "geocosm," with a reassessment of the role of Gassendi's works / Toshihiro Yamada -- Steno, the fossils, the rocks, and the calendar of the Earth / Nicoletta Morello -- Isostasy in Luigi Ferdinando Marsili's manuscripts / Gian Battista Vai -- Luigi Ferdinando Marsili (1658-1730): a pioneer in geomorphological and archaeological surveying / Carlotta Franceschelli, Stefano Marabini -- Mattia Damiani (1705-1776), poet and scientist in eighteenth century Tuscany / Giancarlo Scalera -- The "classification" of mountains in eighteenth century Italy and the lithostratigraphic theory of Giovanni Arduino (1714-1795) / Ezio Vaccari -- The geological work of Gregory Watt, his travels with William Maclure in Italy (1801-1802), and Watt's "proto-geological" map of Italy (1804) / Hugh S. Torrens -- Giovan Battista Brocchi's Rome: a pioneering study in urban geology / Renato Funiciello, Claudio Caputo -- Leopoldo Pilla (1805-1848): a young combatant who lived for geology and died for his country / Bruno D'Argenio