Strictly political : racial and urban politics and the rise of the Richmond Crusade for Voters before 1965 -- Systematically done in : Black electoral empowerment, vote dilution, and the push for annexation after the Voting Rights Act -- From intent to effect : the long struggle for voting rights litigation during the 1970s -- "The dream is lost" : Henry Marsh and Black governance in an era of white political resistance -- "All he gave me was a foot" : Black technocrats, Richmond's urban woes, and the crisis of the Crusade for Voters -- Conclusion -- Appendix: City Council election data, City of Richmond, Virginia, 1960-1984