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Diachronic and typological perspectives on verbs
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- Online
- Summary
-
Aramaic is a language belonging to the Semitic family. It was one of the major languages of the Ancient Near East and has survived as a spoken language down to modern times in various dialect group...
Aramaic is a language belonging to the Semitic family. It was one of the major languages of the Ancient Near East and has survived as a spoken language down to modern times in various dialect groups. The largest and most diverse group of these modern dialects is the North Eastern group, which is generally known as North Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA). This consists of dialects spoken by Christian and Jewish communities across a wide area encompassing northern Iraq, north-west Iran, south-eastern Turkey, Armenia and Georgia. The Christian dialects in all cases differ from the Jewish dialects, even where the Christians and Jews lived in the same town or region. In this dialect group radical changes have taken place in the verbal system in comparison with earlier forms of Aramaic. One of the most conspicuous changes is the elimination of the finite verbal forms qṭal (past perfective) and yiqṭol (imperfective, future, modal) and their replacement by the passive particle qṭil and the active participle qaṭəl respectively.
Details
- Creator
- edited by Folke Josephson
- Format
- Books
- Language
- English
- Contributors
- Publication
-
- 1st ed
- Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013
- Physical Details
-
- viii, 443 p
- ISBNs
- 9789027271815, 902727181X, 9027206015, 1299711685
- OCLC
- ocn851696613
- Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
- English
- Diachronic and Typological Perspectives on Verbs -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- In memoriam Kjartan Ottosson -- Table of contents -- Introduction -- References -- On tense and mood in conditional clauses from Early to Late Latin -- 1. The development of the Latin verbal system -- 2. The future tenses in conditional clauses -- 3. The present tense in conditional clauses -- 4. The past tenses in conditional clauses -- 4.1 Early and Classical Latin -- 4.2 In Late Latin -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- The fate of the subjunctive in late Middle Persian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The subjunctive in classical MP -- 3. Vestiges of the subjunctive in late MP/Pahlavi -- 4. Alternatives to subjunctive mood in late MP/Pahlavi -- 4.1 Future -- 4.2 Subordinate clause as complement of the main clause verb -- 4.3 Subordinate clauses with adverbial status -- 4.4 Conditionals -- 4.5 Summary -- 5. Conclusions -- 6. Abbreviations -- Corpus -- Manichaean Middle Persian (MMP) -- Late Middle Persian texts (9th and 10th century Pahlavi books) -- References -- The negated imperative in Russian and other Slavic languages: Aspectual and modal meanings -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Interaction between negation and imperative modality -- 3. The principal meanings of the negated imperative -- 3.1 Prohibitive meaning -- 3.2 Preventive meaning -- 4. Inverse imperatives -- 5. Summary -- References -- Grammaticalisation of verbs into temporal and modal markers in Australian languages -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Preliminary considerations -- 1.2 Sources of tense, aspect and mood markers in Australian languages -- 1.3 Aims and organisation of paper -- 2. Verbal sources of Aktionsart markers -- 3. Verbal sources of aspect derivational morphology -- 4. Verbal sources of mood inflections -- 5. Verbal sources of tense (and aspect) inflections -- 6. Conclusions -- References
- Aspect and tense in counterfactual main clauses: Fake or real? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. TAM in counterfactuals - some data from a parallel corpus -- 3. Two different fake imperfectives -- 4. In mood for chess: the counterfactual imperfective -- 5. The anaphoric past (in French) -- 6. The competition perspective -- 7. From the factual to the counterfactual imperfective in Russian -- 8. Towards a principled explanation for the emergence of the fake imperfective -- 8.1 Case 1: "came" vs. "came and left" -- 8.2 Case 2: factual vs. counterfactual outcome -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- On non-canonical modal clause junction in Turkic -- 1. Synthetic markers -- 2. Canonic periphrastic modal constructions -- 3. Non-canonical periphrastic modal constructions -- 4. Distribution -- 5. Modal agreement constructions -- 6. Examples -- Volition -- Necessity -- Possibility -- 7. The role of language contact -- Glosses -- References -- Reference, aspectuality and modality in ante-preterit (pluperfect) in Romance languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A diachronic and comparative perspective -- 3. Vulgar Latin and Romance languages -- 4. The role of ante-preterit in a tense system -- 5. Modal uses of the pluperfect -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Subjects and objects with Latin habere and some of its Romance descendants -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Late Latin -- 3. Ibero-Romance -- 4. Habere as a pseudo-transitive -- 5. Three uses of habere -- 6. Conclusion -- Corpus -- References -- Diachrony and typology in the history of Cree (Algonquian, Algic) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Algonquian family and Cree dialects -- 3. Cree verbal morphology -- 4. Cree nominal and verbal morphology: parallels in inflection and derivation -- 4.1 Parallels in person inflection -- 4.2 Possession/obviation -im -- 4.3 Possession/obviation -iyi- -- 4.4 Dubitative on noun -- 4.5 Locative on verb
- 4.6 -(i)sk-, repeated action -- 4.7 -is diminutive ( 'do something a little bit') -- 4.8 -ipan 'deceased'/preterit -- 4.9 -iwi-/-iwin, -ikê-/ikan, -ihkê-/ihkân -- 4.10 Other forms in other Algonquian languages -- 4.11 Summary: morphological parallels between verbs and nouns -- 5. Semantic categories in the Algonquian verb: prefixes and suffixes -- 5.1 Person -- 5.2 Aspectual reduplications: durative and iterative -- 5.3 Aspect/tense: the preterits -- 5.4 Preverbal TAM elements -- 5.5 Evidentiality: dubitative suffix -- 5.6 Subordinators (and aspect?) -- 5.7 Conclusions -- 6. More on ordering: adpositions, instrumental affixes and relative roots -- 6.1 Prepositions and postpositions -- 6.2 Demonstratives -- 6.3 Position of the instrumental affixes -- 6.4 Relative roots -- 6.5 Stem structure -- 6.6 Conclusions -- 7. Typology and areas -- 8. Discussion -- 8.1 A linguistic reconstruction -- 8.2 Historical scenario -- 9. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Typological change in Vedic: The development of the Aorist from a perfective past to an immediate past -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical prerequisites -- 3. The Vedic data -- 3.1 Chronological overview -- 3.2 The Early Vedic Aorist Indicative -- 3.3 The Early Middle Vedic Aorist Indicative -- 3.4 The Middle Vedic Aorist Indicative -- 3.5 The Late Vedic Aorist Indicative -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- On the evolution of verbal aspectin insular Celtic -- 1. Tense and aspect in common Celtic and early Irish -- 2. The emergence of an introspective aspectual formation -- 2.1 The development of an introspective passive -- 3. The emergence of a retrospective formation -- 3.1 The retrospective passive -- 4. The emergence of a prospective aspect -- 4.1 The prospective passive -- 5. The expression of contingent states -- 6. Cognitive basis of the system
- 7. The motivation for the emergence of periphrastic aspects -- 7.1 The pattern of emergence -- 8. The functional expansion of the periphrastic aspects -- 8.1 The expansion of the introspective -- 8.2 Functional expansion of the retrospective -- 8.3 From contingent state to classification -- 9. Conclusions -- References -- The anticausative and related categories in the Old Germanic languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Anticausative ("inchoative") na-verbs in the Germanic languages -- 2.1 Gothic na-verbs - anticausative rather than "inchoative" -- 2.2 na-verbs in North Germanic -- 2.3 "Inchoative" na-verbs - presumably a Germanic inheritance -- 3. Middles - anticausative and otherwise -- 3.0 Overview -- 3.1 The Gothic reflexive construction - not quite Middle voice -- 3.2 The Old Nordic Middle voice -- 3.3 The Old High German reflexive construction (Middle) -- 3.4 Other West Germanic languages -- 3.5 Some conclusions on na-verbs and Middles in the Old Germanic languages -- 4. "Inchoative" na-verbs, Middle, "Detransitives" as expressions of anticausative content -- 5. Anticausative detransitives and some other valence-changing devices across Germanic -- 5.0 Overview -- 5.1 Gothic -- 5.2 Old Nordic -- 5.3 Old High German -- 5.4 The other (Old) West Germanic languages, represented by Old English -- 5.5 Some conclusions on ja-causatives and detransitives -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Directionality, case and actionality in Hittite -- 1. Local adverbs/adpositions, clitics, and case -- 2. Semantics of local adverbs/adpositions -- 3. Hittite local adverbs/postpositions/preverbs -- 4. Local/directional clitics, local adverbs, and verbs of motion -- 5. Comparative semantics of Hittite and Latin local adverbs, adpositions, and preverbs -- 5.1 Adverbs/postpositions/preverbs of approach -- 5.2 Local adverbs of distancing function (éloignement). Latin de and ab
- 5.3 Exit -- 5.4 Descendant and ascendant directionality -- 5.5 Entry -- 6. Internal location -- 7. External location -- 7.1 extra -- 7.2 prae/post -- 8. Below, above: sub, super -- 9. Adverbs/postpositions of intermediate location -- 10. Motion past and across -- 11. Clitics and case -- 12. Hittite -kan/-san and Luvian -tta/-tar -- 13. Final remarks -- References -- The case of unaccusatives in Classical Portuguese -- Introduction -- 1. Unaccusativity -- 2. The case of unaccusatives in Modern Portuguese -- 3. The data from Classical Portuguese -- 4. Conclusion -- Corpus -- References -- Some historical developments of the verb in Neo-Aramaic -- 1. Ergativity and the past perfective -- i. Split conditioned by the tense/aspect of the verb -- ii. Split conditioned by the semantic nature of the verb -- 2. The development of the active participle -- References -- Contributors -- Index