Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.
English
Front Cover -- MULTIPHASE FLUID FLOW IN POROUS AND FRACTURED RESERVOIRS -- Copyright -- DEDICATION -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 BACKGROUND -- 1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW, DEVELOPMENT, AND ADVANCE -- 1.3 PURPOSE AND SCOPE -- REFERENCES -- 2 - Multiphase Fluids in Porous Media -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 BASIC SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CONCEPTS, FLUIDS AND POROUS MEDIA -- 2.3 PHYSICAL PROCESSES AND FLOW-DRIVING MECHANISMS -- 2.4 MULTIPHASE POROUS MEDIUM FLOW, DARCY'S LAW AND ITS EXTENSIONS -- 2.5 CONCEPTS OF WETTABILITY, CAPILLARY PRESSURE, AND RELATIVE PERMEABILITY -- REFERENCES -- 3 - Flow-Governing Equations and Mathematical Models -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 THE LAW OF MASS CONSERVATION -- 3.3 GOVERNING EQUATIONS OF MULTIPHASE NEWTONIAN FLUID FLOW -- 3.4 CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS -- 3.4.1 Saturation Constraint -- 3.4.2 Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability Functions -- 3.4.2.1 Capillary Pressure Functions -- 3.4.2.2 Relative Permeability Functions -- 3.4.3 Fluid and Rock Properties -- 3.5 INITIAL AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS -- 3.6 SOLUTION APPROACHES -- 3.6.1 Analytical Solutions -- 3.6.2 Numerical Methods -- 3.6.3 Alternative Modeling Methods -- REFERENCES -- 4 - Numerical Model and Formulation -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 GENERALIZED NUMERICAL DISCRETIZATION -- 4.3 NUMERICAL SOLUTION SCHEME -- 4.4 TREATMENT OF INITIAL AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS -- 4.4.1 First-Type Boundary Conditions -- 4.4.2 Flux-Type Boundary Conditions -- 4.4.3 Well Treatment -- 4.5 MODEL VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION -- REFERENCES -- 5 - Two-Phase Immiscible Displacement -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 TWO-PHASE FLOW GOVERNING EQUATIONS -- 5.3 FRACTIONAL FLOW EQUATION -- 5.4 BUCKLEY-LEVERETT SOLUTION AND WELGE'S APPROACH -- 5.4.1 Buckley-Leverett Solution -- 5.4.2 Welge's Approach
5.4.3 Examples: One-Dimensional Linear Waterflood at Constant Injection Rate -- 5.4.4 Integral Method Based on Mass Balance Principle -- 5.5 APPLICATION OF BUCKLEY-LEVERETT SOLUTION -- 5.5.1 Average Water Saturation -- 5.5.2 Oil Recovery Calculation -- 5.5.3 Pressure Profile Calculation -- 5.5.4 Verification of Numerical Simulations -- REFERENCES -- 6 - Extensions of Buckley-Leverett Theory -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 BUCKLEY-LEVERETT FLOW IN A ONE-DIMENSIONAL RADIAL SYSTEM -- 6.2.1 Buckley-Leverett Equation and Solution -- 6.2.2 Welge's Approach -- 6.2.3 Examples: Linear Waterflood in a One-Dimensional Radial System -- 6.2.4 Integral Method Based on the Mass Balance Principle -- 6.3 BUCKLEY-LEVERETT FLOW IN A LINEAR COMPOSITE SYSTEM -- 6.3.1 Mathematical Formulation and Solution -- 6.3.2 Evaluation of Saturation Profiles in Composite Domains -- 6.3.3 Examples: One-Dimensional Linear Waterflood in a Two-domain Composite System -- 6.4 BUCKLEY-LEVERETT FLOW IN A RADIAL COMPOSITE SYSTEM -- 6.4.1 Radial Composite Flow Model -- 6.4.2 Evaluation of Saturation Profiles in Radial Composite Domains -- 6.4.3 Examples: Waterflood in a Radial Composite System -- 6.5 ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION -- 6.5.1 Numerical Simulation in a One-Dimensional Radial System -- 6.5.2 Numerical Simulation in a Linear Composite System -- 6.5.3 Numerical Simulation in a Radial Composite System -- REFERENCES -- 7 - Immiscible Displacement of Non-Newtonian Fluids -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS AND RHEOLOGICAL MODELS -- 7.2.1 Power-Law Fluid -- 7.2.2 Bingham Fluid -- 7.3 FLOW GOVERNING EQUATIONS OF IMMISCIBLE FLOW OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS -- 7.4 BUCKLEY-LEVERETT SOLUTION FOR DISPLACEMENT OF NEWTONIAN AND NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS -- 7.4.1 Buckley-Leverett Solution -- 7.4.2 Graphical Evaluation Method
7.5 DISPLACEMENT OF A NEWTONIAN FLUID BY A POWER-LAW NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID -- 7.5.1 Effects of Injection Rate -- 7.5.2 Effects of Power-Law Index, n -- 7.5.3 Effects of Gravity -- 7.5.4 Verification for Numerical Simulations -- 7.6 DISPLACEMENT OF A BINGHAM NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID BY A NEWTONIAN FLUID -- 7.6.1 Effects of Minimum Pressure Gradient and Bingham Plastic Coefficients -- 7.6.2 Effects of Injection Rate -- 7.6.3 Effects of Gravity -- 7.6.4 Verification for Numerical Simulations -- 7.7 IMMISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS IN A RADIAL SYSTEM -- 7.7.1 Buckley-Leverett Solution and Evaluation Procedure -- 7.7.2 A Newtonian Fluid Displaced by a Power-Law Non-Newtonian Fluid -- 7.7.3 A Bingham Non-Newtonian Fluid Displaced by a Newtonian Fluid -- 7.7.4 Verification for Numerical Simulations -- REFERENCES -- 8 - Non-Darcy Flow of Immiscible Fluids -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 NON-DARCY FLOW MODELS -- 8.2.1 Forchheimer Equation -- 8.2.2 Barree and Conway Model -- 8.3 FLOW-GOVERNING EQUATIONS -- 8.4 BUCKLEY-LEVERETT SOLUTION FOR NON-DARCY DISPLACEMENT ACCORDING TO FORCHHEIMER EQUATION -- 8.4.1 Analytical Solution -- 8.4.2 Effects of Forchheimer Non-Darcy Coefficient -- 8.4.3 Effects of Injection Rates -- 8.5 BUCKLEY-LEVERETT SOLUTION FOR NON-DARCY DISPLACEMENT ACCORDING TO BARREE AND CONWAY MODEL -- 8.5.1 Analytical Solution -- 8.5.2 Effects of Injection Rates -- 8.5.3 Effects of Barree-Conway Non-Darcy Coefficients -- 8.5.4 Comparison with Forchheimer Equation -- 8.6 NON-DARCY DISPLACEMENT IN A ONE-DIMENSIONAL RADIAL SYSTEM -- 8.6.1 Analytical Solution for Non-Darcy Displacement -- 8.6.2 Evaluation and Application of the Solution -- 8.7 NUMERICAL MODEL, SOLUTION AND VERIFICATION -- 8.7.1 Numerical Formulation and Solution -- 8.7.2 Comparison with Analytical Solutions -- REFERENCES -- 9 - Multiphase Flow in Fractured Porous Media
9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 PHYSICAL AND CONCEPTUAL MODELS -- 9.3 GENERALIZED FLOW MATHEMATICAL MODEL -- 9.4 NUMERICAL FORMULATION AND SOLUTION -- 9.4.1 Discrete Equations and Numerical Solution -- 9.4.2 Treatment of Fracture-Matrix Interaction -- 9.5 APPLICATION EXAMPLES -- 9.5.1 Comparison with Analytical Solution of Small-Fracture, Triple-continuum Media -- 9.5.2 Transient Flow Behavior in Triple-Continuum, Fractured Vuggy Reservoirs -- 9.5.3 Comparison with Analytical Solution for Imbibition into a Single Matrix Block -- 9.5.4 Comparison with Laboratory Experiment of Oil-Water Displacement in a Fractured Core -- 9.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 10 - Multiphase Fluid and Heat Flow in Porous Media -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 PHYSICS FOR MULTIPHASE FLUID AND HEAT FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA -- 10.2.1 Advective and Dispersive Mass Transport -- 10.2.2 Convective and Conductive Heat Transfer -- 10.3 CONCEPTUAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL -- 10.4 PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS AND CONSTITUTIVE CORRELATIONS -- 10.5 NUMERICAL FORMULATION, SOLUTION, AND APPLICATION -- 10.5.1 Discrete Equations -- 10.5.2 Numerical Solution Scheme -- 10.5.3 Summary -- REFERENCES -- 11 - Multiphase Fluid and Heat Flow Coupled with Geomechanics -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR FLUID AND HEAT FLOW WITH GEOMECHANICAL COUPLING -- 11.2.1 Equations for Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer -- 11.2.2 Geomechanical Equations for Single-Porosity Media -- 11.2.3 Geomechanical Equations for Multiple-Porosity or Fractured Media -- 11.3 ROCK PROPERTY CORRELATIONS FOR GEOMECHANICAL COUPLING -- 11.4 NUMERICAL FORMULATION AND SOLUTION -- 11.4.1 Numerical Formulation for Modeling THM Processes in Single-Porosity Reservoirs -- 11.4.2 Numerical Formulation for Modeling THM Processes in Multiple-Porosity Reservoirs -- 11.4.3 Treatment of Geomechanical Boundary Conditions
11.4.4 Numerical Solution Scheme -- 11.5 SIMULATION EXAMPLES -- 11.5.1 One-Dimensional Consolidation -- 11.5.2 Mandel-Cryer Effect -- 11.5.3 One-Dimensional Consolidation of Double-Porosity, Fractured Medium -- 11.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 12 - Multiphase Flow in Unconventional Petroleum Reservoirs -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION -- 12.2 COUPLED PROCESSES FOR MULTIPHASE FLOW IN UNCONVENTIONAL RESERVOIRS -- 12.2.1 Geomechanical Effect -- 12.2.2 Klinkenberg Effect -- 12.2.3 Gas Adsorption and Desorption -- 12.2.4 Nonlinear Flow -- 12.3 FLOW-GOVERNING EQUATION -- 12.4 NUMERICAL FORMULATION AND SOLUTION -- 12.4.1 Discrete Equations -- 12.4.2 Treatment of Coupled Physical Processes -- 12.4.3 Numerical Solution -- 12.5 MODEL APPLICATION -- 12.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- A - Program of Buckley-Leverett Solution in a One-dimensional Linear System -- A.1 MATLAB CODE OF WELGE GRAPHIC METHOD -- A.2 MATLAB CODE OF INTEGRAL METHOD BASED ON MASS BALANCE PRINCIPLE -- A.3 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS -- B - Program of Buckley-Leverett Solution in a Radial System and Linear and Radial Composite Systems -- B.1 MATLAB CODE OF WELGE GRAPHIC METHOD IN A RADIAL SYSTEM -- B.2 MATLAB CODE OF INTEGRAL METHOD BASED ON MASS BALANCE PRINCIPLE IN A RADIAL SYSTEM -- B.3 MATLAB CODE FOR BUCKLEY-LEVERETT SOLUTION IN A LINEAR COMPOSITE SYSTEM -- B.4 MATLAB CODE FOR BUCKLEY-LEVERETT SOLUTION IN A RADIAL COMPOSITE SYSTEM -- B.5 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS -- C - Program of Buckley-Leverett Solution for Non-Newtonian Fluid Displacement -- C.1 MATLAB CODE FOR BUCKLEY-LEVERETT SOLUTION: POWER-LAW NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID -- C.2 MATLAB CODE FOR BUCKLEY-LEVERETT SOLUTION: BINGHAM NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID -- C.3 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS -- D - Program of Buckley-Leverett Solution for Non-Darcy Fluid Displacement -- D.1 MATLAB CODE FOR BUCKLEY-LEVERETT SOLUTION: FORCHHEIMER EQUATION
D.2 MATLAB CODE FOR BUCKLEY-LEVERETT SOLUTION: BARREE AND CONWAY MODEL