Committee on Techniques for Removing Fixed Offshore Structures ; Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council
""AN ASSESSMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR REMOVING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES""; ""Copyright""; ""MARINE BOARD""; ""Preface""; ""BACKGROUND""; ""COMMITTEE COMPOSITION AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY""; ""HOW THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED""; ""ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT""; ""ACKNOWLEDGMENTS""; ""REFERENCES""; ""Contents""; ""Executive Summary""; ""CONCLUSIONS""; ""RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""REFERENCE""; ""1Overview of Existing Offshore Structures and Removal Regulations""; ""EXISTING PLATFORMS""; ""Platform Types and Configurations""; ""Free-Standing Caisson with Well(s)""; ""Well-Protector Jackets""
""Braced Caissons with Well(s)""""Conventionally Piled Platforms with Wells""; ""Conventionally Piled Platforms without Wells""; ""Skirt-Piled Platforms""; ""Special Application Platforms""; ""CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT USED IN PLATFORM REMOVALS""; ""REGULATIONS, LAWS, AND PERMITS""; ""Federal Laws and Regulations""; ""Outer Continental Shelf Lands Acts""; ""National Environmental Policy Act of 1969""; ""Endangered Species Act""; ""Marine Mammals Protection Act""; ""Other Laws and Regulations""; ""Platform Removal Permit Process""; ""Rigs-to-Reef Program""; ""International Laws""; ""REFERENCES""
""TYPICAL PLATFORM REMOVAL COSTS""""REFERENCES""; ""4 Environmental Assessment of Present Removal Techniques""; ""HABITAT AND ECOSYSTEMS""; ""Sea Turtles""; ""Marine Mammals""; ""Fish""; ""NONLETHAL EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIVE REMOVALS""; ""SUMMARY""; ""REFERENCES""; ""5 Summary Assessment of Explosive and Nonexplosive Technologies""; ""FINDINGS""; ""6 Conclusions and Recommendations""; ""CONCLUSIONS""; ""RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""APPENDICES""; ""Appendix A Biographical Sketches of Committee Members""; ""Appendix B Federal Register Notice and List of Respondents""; ""LIST OF RESPONDENTS""