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South Africa

Author / Creator: Hayter, Susan Author
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Intro -- PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- Figure 1 Trends in economic growth and per capita income, 1980-98 -- PART I TRENDS IN GLOBALIZATION AND SOCIAL PROGRESS -- A. THE DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION -- Trade liberalization -- The liberalization of capital flows -- Table 1 Average weighted import tariff rates -- Global integration of the South African economy -- Figure 2 Trade flows and openness, 1980-97 -- Figure 3 Foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investment flows, 1980-98 -- Figure 4 Sectoral and geographic composition of FDI inflows, 1994-98 -- Table 2 Foreign trading of equities, 1991-98 -- Table 3 International comparison of number of Internet hosts for selected middle-income countries, July 1998 -- Conclusion -- B. AN OVERVIEW OF SOCIAL PROGRESS INDICATORS -- Employment and unemployment -- Table 4 Poverty rate and social indicators by population group, 1993 -- Table 5 International comparison of social indicators for selected middle-income countries, 1997 -- Figure 5 Non-agricultural employment, 1980-98 -- Figure 6 South Africa: Studies on the social dimensions Public sector Mining Manufacturing Public sector Mining Manufacturi -- Figure 7 Employment, value added and labour productivity growth in the non-agricultural sector, 1980-98 -- Table 6 Unemployment and employment rates by population group and sex, 1994-97 -- Wages -- Table 7 Unemployment by education and sex, 1995 -- Table 8 Trends in real wages and labour productivity, 1990-97 -- Figure 8 Relative wages by population group and economic sector, 1980-97 -- Income distribution -- Table 9 Indicators of income distribution in selected middle-income countries -- Table 10 Income inequality by population group, 1990 1 and 1995 -- Unequal opportunities
Table 11 Level of education by population group and sex, 1995 -- Table 12 Average earnings by level of education, population group and sex, 1994 -- Figure 9 Access to electricity, water and telephone by population group -- Employment quality -- Figure 10 Employment status by population group and sex, 1993 -- Table 13 Employment status in a sample of manufacturing enterprises, 1996 -- Conclusion -- Notes -- PART I I ASSESSING THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION -- A. PATTERNS OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE -- Figure 11 Growth of manufacturing imports by product type, 1994-97 -- Figure 12 Export structure by main sectors, 1980, 1993 and 1997 -- Table 14 Main export and import products, 1985 and 1996 -- Table 15 Evolution of the world markets for main export products, 1980-96 -- Figure 13 Composition of manufacturing exports and imports by factor intensity, 1993 and 1997 -- Table 16 Composition of exports by geographic destination, 1996 -- B. TRADE LIBERALIZATION, EMPLOYMENT AND AGGREGATE INCOME -- Comparisons between sectors -- Figure 14 Trade and economic performance by economic sector, 1994-97 -- Figure 15 Labour market performance in the non-agricultural sector, 1994-97 -- Table 17 Summary of classifications of manufacturing sectors -- Table 18 Trade orientation by economic sector, 1993 and 1997 -- Table 19 Employment, labour productivity, wages and exports of manufacturing sectors by trade orientation, 1997 -- Figure 16 Trade, economic and labour market performance of manufacturing sectors by trade orientation, 1994-97 -- Figure 17 Trade, economic and labour market performance of manufacturing sectors by natural resource intensity, 1994-97 -- Figure 18 Trade, economic and labour market performance of manufacturing sectors by capital intensity, 1994-97
Figure 19 Trade, economic and labour market performance of manufacturing sectors by initial level of tariff rates, 1994-97 -- Figure 20 Trade, economic and labour market performance of manufacturing sectors by magnitude of the decrease in tariff rates, 1994-98 -- Review of the relevant literature -- Box 1 Why is South Africa a capital-intensive economy? -- Conceptual considerations -- Figure 21 Evolution of cost competitiveness, 1990-98 -- Empirical analysis -- Figure 22 Production prices by factor intensity, 1994-98 -- Figure 23 Capital-labour ratios by economic sector, 1980-95 (1980=100) -- Table 20 Investment and employment variation in manufacturing sectors, 1997 -- Figure 24 Gross domestic fixed investment and gross domestic savings, 1980-98 -- C. GLOBALIZATION AND INCOME INEQUALITIES -- Notes -- PART III POLICY ISSUES -- A. INDUSTRIAL POLICY, TRADE REFORM AND PERSPECTIVES OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION -- Trade reform and industrial policy -- Competition policy -- Equal access to productive assets -- Regional integration -- B. IMPROVING ACCESS TO EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT -- C. LABOUR MARKET REGULATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS -- Rationale behind recent labour market reform -- Labour market regulation and adaptability -- Table 21 International comparison of legislation on dismissals and fixed- term contracts -- Figure 25 Mean wages for elementary occupations and unemployment rates by province -- Collective bargaining -- Table 22 Collective bargaining coverage in the non-agricultural sector, 1993-97 -- Table 23 International comparison of collective bargaining systems -- Table 24 Labour market institutions, 1993-97 1 -- Social dialogue at national level -- Conclusion -- D. THE SOCIAL SAFETY NET -- Conclusion -- Notes -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ANNEX I THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Theoretical perspectives -- Figure A1 Output and consumption effects of freer trade -- Figure A2 The impact of freer trade on output and employment when relative wages are fixed -- Econometric estimates: methodology and results -- Table A1 Sectoral employment determinants: econometric results -- dependent variable: employment -- ANNEX 2 DATA SOURCES -- Table A2 Statistics: Sources and definitions -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX

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