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Ethical theory : classical and contemporary readings

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Part I. What is ethics? ; Plato: Socratic morality: crito Part II. Ethical relativism versus ethical objectivism ; Herodotus: custom is King ; Plato: objective moral forms ; Thomas Aquinas: objectivism: natural law ; Ruth Benedict: a defense of ethical relativism ; Louis Pojam: a critique of ethical relativism ; Gilbert Harman: moral relativism defended -- Part III. Morality and self-interest ; Joseph Butler: against egoism ; Joel Feinberg: psychological egoism ; Plato: why be moral?: the ring of Cryges ; Richard Taylor: on the socratic dilemma ; David Gauthier: morality and advantage -- Part IV. Value and the self ; Robert Nozick: the experience machine ; Richard Taylor: value and the origin of right and wrong ; Friedrich Nietzsche: the transvaluation of values ; Derek Parfit: what makes someone's life go best? ; Thomas Nagel: the view from nowhere ; Derek Parfit: later selves and moral principles ; Bernard Williams: persons, character, and morality ; Carol Gilligan: women's conception of self and of morality ; Sarah Clark Miller: the need for care: gender in moral theory -- Part V. Epicurus: pleasure ; Jeremy Bentham: the utilitarian calculus ; John Stuart Mill: utilitarianism ; Kai Nielsen: against moral conservation ; Bernard Williams: against utilitarianism ; John Hospers: rule-utilitarianism ; Robert Nozick: side constraints ; Peter Singer: famine, affluence, and morality -- Part VI. Immanuel Kant: the foundation for the metaphysics of morals ; W. D. Ross: what makes right acts right? ; Onora O'Neill: kantian formula of the end in itself and world hunger ; Thomas Nagel: moral luck ; Philippa Foot: morality as a system of hypothetical imperatives ; Judith Jarvis Thomson: killing, letting die, and the trolley problem
Part VII. Thomas Hobbes: the leviathan ; David Gauthier: why contractarianism? ; John Rawls: liberal contractualism: justice as fairness -- Part VIII. Virtue-based systems ; Aristotle: the ethics of virtue ; Bernard Mayo: virtue and the moral life ; William Frankena: a critique of virtue-based ethics ; Walter Schaller: are virtues no more than dispositions to obey moral rules? ; Alasdair MacIntyre: the nature of the virtues ; Susan Wolf: moral saints ; Louis P. Pojman: in defense of moral saints -- Part IX. The fact/value problem: metaethics in the twentiety century ; David Hume: on reason and the emotions: the fact/value distinction ; John Searle: how to derive "ought" from "is" ; Jeoffrey Warnock: the object of morality -- X. Moral realism and the challenge of skepticism ; J. L. Mackie: the subjectivity of values ; Jonathan Harrison: a critique of Mackie's error theory ; Gilbert Harman: moral nihilism ; Bruce Russell: two forms of ethical skepticism -- Part XI. Plato: morality and religion: euthyphro ; David Hume: morality independent from religion ; Immanuel Kant: God and immortality as necessary postulates of morality ; Kai Nielsen: ethics without God -- Part XII. Contemporary challenges to classical ethical theory ; g Part A. Sociobiology and the question of moral responsibility ; A.1. Charles Darwin: ethics and the descent of man ; A.2. E. O. Wilson: sociobiology and ethics ; A.3. Michael Ruse: evolution and ethics: the sociobiological approach ; A.4. Elliot Sober: prospects for an evolutionary ethics ; A.5. J. L. Mackie: the law of the jungle: evolution and morality ; B. The challenges of determinism to moral responsibility and desert ; B.1. Louis P. Pojman: free will, determinism, and moral responsibility: a response to Galen Strawson ; B.2. Richard Taylor: libertarianism: a defense of free will

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Ethics.

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