Who are the children who take alternate achievement standards assessments? / Jacqueline F. Kearns ... [et al.] -- Understanding the construct to be assessed / Stephen N. Elliott -- Sampling the domain for evidence of achievement / Gerald Tindal -- Public policy and the development of alternate assessments for students with cognitive disabilities / Susan L. Rigney -- Alignment of alternate assessments with state standards / Diane M. Browder, Shawnee Wakeman, and Claudia Flowers -- Conceptualizing and setting performance standards for alternate assessments / Steve Ferrara, Suzanne Swaffield, and Lorin Mueller -- An introduction to validity arguments for alternate assessments / Scott F. Marion and Marianne Perie -- The long and winding road of alternate assessments : where we started, where we are now, and the road ahead / Rachel F. Quenemoen -- Assessing all students in Connecticut / Peter Behuniak and Joseph Amenta -- Georgia Alternate Assessment : a portfolio assessment for students with significant cognitive disabilities / Melissa Fincher and Claudia Flowers -- The Alternate Maryland School Assessment / Sharon E. Hall, Martin D. Kehe, and William D. Schafer -- Alternative assessment in Massachusetts : approaches and validity / Daniel J. Wiener and Charles A. DePascale -- The Mississippi Alternate Assessment of Extended Curriculum Frameworks : purpose, procedures, and validity evidence summary / Stephen N. Elliott ... [et al.] -- Test design and validation of inferences for the Oregon Alternate Assessment / Dianne Carrizales and Gerald Tindal -- The South Carolina Alternate Assessment / Lorin Mueller ... [et al.] -- Considering the consequences of alternative assessments / Peter Behuniak -- Which came first--the curriculum or the assessment? / Diane M. Browder, Shawnee Wakeman, and Claudia Flowers -- Key issues in the use of alternate assessments : closing comments to open more discussion and exploration of solutions / Stephen N. Elliott -- Psychometric rigor for alternate assessments : for the sake of interpretation, not rigor / Steve Ferrara -- Does the emperor have new clothes? / Claudia Flowers -- Assessment population : implications for the validity evaluation / Jacqueline F. Kearns and Elizabeth Towles-Reeves -- Some key considerations for test evaluators and developers / Scott F. Marion -- Toward a straighter road / Rachel F. Quenemoen -- How should states move forward? / Susan L. Rigney -- Principles unique to alternate assessments / William D. Schafer -- Reflections on the alternate assessment in Oregon / Gerald Tindal -- Essential truths about alternate assessments / Daniel J. Wiener