Introduction. From party to race -- History, memory, and one man's vote -- Setting agendas, demanding rights, and the black press -- Women's rights, the World's Fair, and activists on the national stage -- Challenging urban space, organizing labor -- Virtue, vice, and building the machine -- Representation and "race men" -- Epilogue. Film, history, and the birth of a black political culture -- Appendix 1: African American political leaders, 1870-1920 -- Appendix 2: Election results for mayoral and aldermanic candidates in the First, Second, and Third Wards, 1900-1920