Preface -- Thematic guide to the contents -- 1. Reading to write : how to use this book -- Reading critically -- Reading actively -- Highlighting and annotating -- Reading the essays in this book -- Responding to an essay -- pt. 1. The writing process -- 2. Invention -- Understanding the assignment -- Setting limits -- Moving from subject to topic -- Finding something to say -- Grouping ideas -- Understanding thesis and support -- Developing a thesis -- 3. Arrangement -- Recognizing a pattern -- Understanding the parts of the essay -- Constructing a formal outline -- 4. Drafting and revising -- Writing your first draft -- Revising your essay -- Points for special attention : first draft -- Points for special attention : second draft -- 5. Editing and proofreading -- Editing for grammar -- Editing for punctuation -- Editing for sentence style and word choice -- Proofreading your essay -- Checking manuscript format -- pt. 2. Readings for writers -- 6. Narration -- What is narration? -- Using narration -- Planning a narrative essay -- Structuring a narrative essay -- Revising a narrative essay -- Editing a narrative essay -- 7. Description -- What is description? -- Using description -- Planning a descriptive essay -- Structuring a descriptive essay -- Revising a descriptive essay -- Editing a descriptive essay -- 8. Exemplification -- What is exemplification? -- Using exemplification -- Planning an exemplification essay -- Structuring an exemplification essay -- Revising an exemplification essay -- Editing an exemplification essay -- 9. Process -- What is process? -- Using process -- Planning a process essay -- Structuring a process essay -- Revising a process essay -- Editing a process essay -- 10. Cause and effect -- What is cause and effect? -- Using cause and effect -- Planning a cause-and-effect essay -- Structuring a cause-and-effect essay -- Revising a cause-and-effect essay -- Editing a cause-and-effect essay -- 11. Comparison and contrast -- What is comparison and contrast? -- Using comparison and contrast -- Planning a comparison-and-contrast essay -- Structuring a comparison-and-contrast essay -- Revising a comparison-and-contrast essay -- Editing a comparison-and-contrast essay -- 12. Classification and division -- What is classification and division? -- Using classification and division -- Planning a classification-and-division essay -- Structuring a classification-and-division essay -- Revising a classification-and-division essay -- Editing a classification-and-division essay -- 13. Definition -- What is definition? -- Using definition -- Planning a definition essay -- Structuring a definition essay -- Revising a definition essay -- Editing a definition essay -- 14. Argumentation -- What is argumentation? -- Understanding argumentation and persuasion -- Planning an argumentative essay -- Using deductive and inductive arguments -- Structuring an argumentative essay -- Revising an argumentative essay -- Editing an argumentative essay -- 15. Combining the patterns -- Structuring an essay by combining the patterns -- Combining the patterns : revising and editing -- Appendix : using research in your writing -- Step 1 : choosing a topic -- Step 2 : testing your topic -- Step 3 : doing research -- Step 4 : evaluating sources -- Step 5 : taking notes -- Step 6 : watching out for plagiarism -- Step 7 : drafting a thesis statement -- Step 8 : making an outline -- Step 9 : writing your essay -- Step 10 : documenting your sources -- Glossary -- Index