I. Introduction. 1. Conceptualizing Universal Service: Definitions, Context, Social Process, and Politics / Barbara A. Cherry and Steven S. Wildman -- II. Frameworks for Analyzing Universal Service. 2. Universal Service: Migration of Metaphors / Harmeet Sawhney and Krishna Jayakar. 3. Unilateral and Bilateral Rules: A Framework for Increasing Competition While Meeting Universal Service Goals in Telecommunications / Barbara A. Cherry and Steven S. Wildman. 4. Questions for Outlining a Universal Service Policy / Marlin Blizinski -- III. Societal Role and Implications of Universal Service. 5. Rethinking Universal Service: What's on the Menu? / Marlin Blizinski and Jorge Reina Schement. 6. The Social Architecture of Community Computing / Allen W. Batteau. 7. Universal Access to Infrastructure and Information / Allen S. Hammond IV -- IV. Paying for Universal Service. 8. Overview of Universal Service / Carol Weinhaus, Robert K. Lock and Harry Albright / [et al.]. 9. Recovering Access Costs: The Debate / David Gabel. 10. Universal Service: A Stakeholder Response / James C. Smith -- V. Embarking on a New Universal Service Policy: The Role of the Federal Government. 11. Review of Federal Universal Service Policy in the United States / 12. Some Legal Puzzles in the 1996 Statutory Provisions for Universal Telecommunications Services / Warren G. Lavey. 13. Universal Service and the National Information Infrastructure (NII): Making the Grade on the Information Superhighway / James McConnaughey -- VI. The Role of the States. 14. The New State Role in Ensuring Universal Telecommunications Services / Thomas W. Bonnett. 15. Breaking the Bottleneck and Sharing the Wealth: A Perspective on Universal Service Policy in an Era of Local Competition / Robert K. Lock, Jr