Pt. I. Background. 1. Gene Therapy in Orthopaedics / Christian Lattermann and Freddie H. Fu. 2. The Use of Different Viral Vectors and Strategies for Gene Transfer to the Musculoskeletal System / Johnny Huard -- Pt. II. Gene Therapy Applications for the Musculoskeletal System. 3. Regional Gene Therapy for Hard Tissues / Jay R. Lieberman. 4. Potential Applications of Gene Therapy to the Treatment of Spinal Disorders / Kotaro Nishida, James D. Kang and Scott D. Boden / [et al.]. 5. The Development of Approaches Based on Gene Therapy to Improve Muscle Healing Following Injury / Jacques Menetrey, Channarong Kasemkijwattana and Charles S. Day / 6. Nonviral Gene Therapy: Application in the Repair of Osteochondral Articular Defects / Randal S. Goomer and David Amiel. 7. The Potential of Gene Therapy for Osteogenesis Imperfecta / Christopher Niyibizi, Patrick N. Smith and Joel Greenberger. 8. The Role of Nitric Oxide as a Candidate Molecule for Gene Therapy in Sports Injuries / Scott A. Rodeo and Kazutaka Izawa -- Pt. III. Tissue Engineering in Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine. 9. Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering / Henry E. Young. 10. Tissue Engineering of Ligament Healing / Savio L.-Y. Woo, Nobuyoshi Watanabe and Kevin A. Hildebrand. 11. Muscle-Based Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedic Applications / Douglas S. Musgrave, Charles S. Day and Patrick Bosch / 12. Application of Tissue Engineering to Cartilage Repair / Jun-Kyo Suh and Freddie H. Fu -- Pt. IV. Hurdles and Development of New Vectors for Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering. 13. Immune Reaction Following Cell and Gene Therapy / Jacques P. Tremblay. 14. Vectors for Gene Transfer to Joints / Paul D. Robbins, Steven C. Ghivizzani and Joseph C. Glorioso / 15. Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for Musculoskeletal Gene Transfer / Xiao Xiao, Ryan Pruchnic and Juan Li