Futures past: historiography between experience and teleology -- Experience: making the past present -- Thucydides, The history of the Peloponnesian War -- Xenophon, Anabasis -- Plutarch, Alexander -- Tacitus, Annals -- Teleology: the power of retrospect -- Herodotus, Histories -- Polybius, Histories -- Sallust, Bellum catilinae -- Beyond experience and teleology -- Augustine, Confessions -- Epilogue: experience in modern historiography