Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Women Leaders Shape Past, Present and Future -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Emine ErdoÄan: The Woman Power Behind Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan -- Abstract -- 1 Honorable First Lady, as Idealist Women's Union, What Would You Say About the Output in Terms of Civil Society Organizations that Take Place? How Do You Assess the Impact on Women of Such Institutions to Be Included in the Social and Political Life in Turkey? -- 2 Åule Yüksel Åenler, Who Has a Leading Role Among Religious Women Writers, What Is Her Impact in Your Life? -- 3 How Have the Social Activities that You Carry Out Been Affected by Your Marriage with the President? -- 4 It Is Known that You Are the Biggest and Most Courageous Friend and Supporter of Your Spouse. What Are the Happiest and Saddest Times You Had to Live with as a Wife of the World Leader? -- 5 What Are Your Thoughts About the Challenges and Hard Times When the Most Serious and Dense Problems Related to the Participation of Women in the Social and Political Life of Turkey? -- 6 What Has the Role of Women in the AK Party Been like in the Last 13 Years for the Social, Political and Economic Transformation? In the Same Way, What Has AK Party Changed in the Women's Life? -- 7 Could You Talk About the Many Social Projects that Have Been Realized During Your Leadership? -- 8 What Is Your Most Important Message that You Want to Deliver to Women and Young Girls in Turkey and the World? -- 3 Foreign Policy Decision Making as a Chaotic Phenomenon: Angela Merkel's Foreign Policy Between 2005-2009 -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 An Eastern German Woman in Politics -- 3 Foreign Policy Decision Making: A Theoretical View -- 4 Rational Actor Model and Cognitive Model -- 5 Issue of "Uncertainty" and New Meanings of "Individual" -- 6 Understanding Foreign Policy Decision-Making with Chaos Theory
7 Chancellor Angela Merkel in Foreign Policy -- References -- 4 "President VigdÃs": The End and the Beginning of Women's Agenda in Iceland -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Women in Iceland: Historic Perspective -- 2.1 1850-1899 -- 2.2 1900-1919 -- 2.3 1920-1969 -- 2.4 1970-1979 -- 2.5 1980-1989 -- 2.6 1990-1999 -- 2.7 2000-2010 -- 3 Women in Iceland Today -- 4 "President VigdÃs" -- 4.1 The Early Years -- 4.2 The Rise -- 4.3 Election -- 4.4 Presidency and Re-election -- 5 Complexity -- 5.1 Complexity Theory -- 5.2 Complex Adaptive System -- 5.3 Self-Organization and Emergence -- 5.4 Learning and Adaptive Behaviour -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Hazrat Aisha: In Terms of Religious, Authentic and Didactic Leadership Characteristics -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Aisha's Biography and Some Observations -- 3 Aisha's Didactic Leadership Characteristics and Scientific Traits -- 4 Aisha's Authentic Leadership and Spiritual Leadership Traits Within the Context of Her Political Attitudes -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Oprah Winfrey's Leadership Through Womanhood -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Oprah's Humble Beginning -- 3 Oprah's Career Path -- 4 Oprah's Influence -- 5 The Oprah Winfrey Effect -- 6 Oprah's Leadership and Impact -- 7 Oprah's Legacy -- 8 Oprah Winfrey's Life-Class -- References -- 7 A Woman Leader in Ottoman History: Kösem Sultan (1589-1651) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Leadership Theory and Comments of Bourdieu and Weber -- 3 Harem and Status of Women in the Ottoman Empire -- 4 Who is Kösem Sultan? -- 5 Ruling and Leadership of Kösem Sultan -- 6 Dramatic End of Kösem Sultan -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Rosa Louise Parks as a Quiet Leader Who Transforms American Society Forever -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Rosa Louise Parks' Life Story -- 3 Rosa Louise Parks Case -- 4 Rosa Louise Parks' Political Philosophy
5 The Traits Making Rosa Louise Parks a Leader -- 6 Rosa Louise Parks' Leadership Styles -- 7 Rosa Parks' Social Network in Chaos and Complexity Environments -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Benazir Bhutto-Freedom and Chaos in Her Life -- Abstract -- 1 Who is Benazir Bhutto? -- 2 A Chaotic Country: Pakistan -- 3 Complexity, Chaos and Benazir Bhutto as a Female Leader -- References -- 10 Maria Montessori's Transformation of Special Needs Education -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Special Needs Education Before Maria Montessori -- 3 Special Education During the Pre-religion Era -- 4 Special Education During the Religious Era -- 5 Challenges of Special Needs Education -- 6 Contribution of Maria Montessori to Education for People with Special Needs -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Rebecca Kadaga's Transformation of Uganda's Parliamentary System -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Rise of Ms. Rebecca A. Kadaga and Her Role in the Transformation of Uganda's Parliamentary and Political System -- 3 Challenges of Women in Leadership -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Issues in Women Leadership -- 12 Women Leadership in Complex Social Media and Social Networking Systems -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Women's Utilization of Social Media and Social Networks -- 3 Social Media Opportunities for Women -- 4 Complexity Vested Within Social Media Networks and Its Negative Returns -- 5 Effect of Social Media on Women Leadership -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Women's Leadership in the Developing World: Learning from the Past, Envisioning the Future -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Asian Women: Power and Politics -- 3 African Women: Leadership in Traditional Societies -- 4 Women's Leadership in Grassroots Movements in the Developing World -- 4.1 Medha Patkar and the Narmada Bachao Andolan -- 4.2 The Chipko Movement
5 Women's Leadership in Peace Movements -- 5.1 Japan -- 5.2 India -- 5.3 Rwanda -- 6 Can Asian Philosophical Traditions Teach Us Something About Leadership? -- 6.1 Yin and Yang -- 6.2 Ardhanarishvara (Half Male/Half Female) in Hindu Cosmology -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Women Empowerment for Promoting Rural Economy in West Bengal: A Study on Pallimangal (A Unit of Ramakrishna Mission Kamarpukur) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Framework and Literature Review -- 3 Objectives of the Study -- 4 Women Empowerment in India -- 4.1 Women Empowerment-Why? -- 5 Women's Empowerment in the State of West Bengal -- 6 About Ramakrishna Mission Pallimangal (Study Area) -- 7 Role of Pallimangal for Community and Socio-Economic Development -- 7.1 Rural Development Infrastructure -- 7.1.1 Agro-Based Industry -- 7.1.2 Industry Infrastructure -- 7.2 Application of the Theory to the Case -- 7.2.1 Food Processing Programme -- 7.2.2 Mini Jute Spinning Programme -- 7.2.3 Weaving Project -- 7.2.4 Jute Handicraft Project -- 7.2.5 Incense Sticks Making Project -- 8 Data Analysis -- 9 Findings of the Study -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- 15 A Complex Issue in the Turkish Education System: Gender Imparity (2000-2015 Period) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Related Literature -- 2.1 Causes of Gender Inequality Problem in Education -- 2.2 Chaos and Complexity in Solving the Problem of Gender Imparity -- 2.3 World Wide Developments that Provide a Basis for EFA 2000 Education Movement -- 3 Findings and Interpretation -- 3.1 EFA 2000 Dakar Goals and Action Strategies -- 3.2 Policies and Studies Towards the Issue of Gender Imparity in Turkey After 2000 -- 3.2.1 Government Programmes -- 3.2.2 National Education Councils -- 3.2.3 MoNE Strategic Plan -- 3.2.4 The National Action Plan on Gender Equality 2008-2013
3.2.5 The Workshop of Gender Equality Sensitive Universities -- 3.3 Public and NGO Practices After 2000 Towards Solving the Gender Disparity Problem in Education in Turkey -- 3.3.1 MoNE Scholarship Programmes -- 3.3.2 Accommodation -- 3.3.3 Student Transfer Based Education -- 3.3.4 Monetary Aid -- 3.3.5 Campaigns and Projects -- 3.4 An Indicator-Based Evaluation of the Related Policies and Implementations -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 16 Gendered Leadership in Multinational Corporations: Gendered Social-Organizations: An Analysis of a Gendered Foundation in Organizations -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Conceptual Formula of Leadership in a Chaotic Environment -- 2.1 Chaos Theory -- 2.1.1 Complexity of Leadership in Chaotic Environment -- 2.2 Leadership in Chaotic Environment -- 2.2.1 Women Leaders in Chaotic Environment -- 3 Sexuality in Organizational Environments -- 3.1 Concepts of Sexuality -- 3.2 Sexuality: Organizations Versus Professions -- 3.2.1 Glass Ceiling -- 3.2.2 Glass Cliff -- 3.2.3 Glass Escalator -- 4 History of Inequality Regimes -- 4.1 Gendered Organizations -- 4.2 Organization Studies Versus Gender Studies: Fragmented Disciplines -- 4.3 Gender Composition Versus Gendered Practices -- 4.4 Inequality Regimes: Gender, Class, Race, and Sexuality in Organizations -- 4.4.1 Inequality Regimes -- 4.4.2 The Bases of Inequality -- 5 Paradigm Shift: The Changing of Inequality Regimes -- 5.1 Recruitment and Hiring -- 5.2 Human Capital and Knowledge -- 6 Recommendations -- 6.1 Mentorship in Gendered Organization -- 6.2 Mentorship's Benefits -- 6.3 Network -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 17 The Role of Women Professionals in Transformation of Higher Education for Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Role of Women Professionals in Higher Education -- 2.1 Advocating for Increased Enrolment of Women in Education
2.2 Advocating for Improvement of the Gestation Period of Women's Education