Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI Available via World Wide Web.
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Notes on the Editors -- Chapter 1: Basic Concepts -- Introduction -- Types of Assessments -- Formative Assessment -- Summative Assessment -- Assessments Methods -- Written Assessment -- Performance-Based Assessment -- The Quality of the Assessment -- Validity -- From "Types of Validity" to Sources of Validity Evidence -- What Is a "Construct? -- Sources of Validity Evidence -- Content -- Response Process -- Internal Structure -- Relationship to Other Variables -- Consequences -- What Affects Validity (Threats to Validity)? -- Reliability
Why Obtaining Reliability Is Important? -- What Affects Reliability? -- How to Measure Reliability? -- Educational Impact, Acceptability, and Cost -- Educational Impact -- Acceptability -- Cost -- References -- Chapter 2: Assessment of Learning Outcomes -- Introduction -- Outcome-Based Assessment -- Classifications of Intended Learning Outcomes -- Levels of the Cognitive Domain (Bloom's Taxonomy) -- Psychomotor and Affective Domains (Tables 2.4 and 2.5) -- Miller's Pyramid -- Types of Written Assessment -- Restricted-Response Items -- Commonly Used Multiple-Choice Questions
Newer Formats of Multiple-Choice Questions -- Constructed-Response Items -- References -- Chapter 3: Blueprint in Assessment -- What Is Blueprint? Blueprint in the Context of Health Professional Education -- Theoretical Underpinning of Blueprint -- Benefits of Blueprinting -- Designing the Blueprint -- Developing the Blueprint -- Phase One: Topics' Weight Estimation -- Phase Two: Selection of the Appropriate Assessment Tool -- Examples for Blueprint Templates -- Research Methodology Course (Table 3.7) -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Constructed Response Items
Overview of Constructed Response Items and Rationale of Their Uses -- Types of Constructed Response Items -- Long Essay Question -- Modified Essay Question (MEQ) -- Short Answer Question (SAQ) -- Constructing SAQs and MEQs -- Using Rubric in CRI -- Key Feature Approach Questions -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 5: Key Feature Items -- The Concept of Key Feature Items -- The Structure of Key Feature Items -- Psychometric Properties of Key Feature Items -- Evidence Based on Content -- Evidence-Based Response Process -- Evidence Based on Internal Structure
Evidence Based on Relations to Other Variables -- Evidence Based on Consequences of Testing -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: A-Type MCQs -- Background -- Contextual Items -- Noncontextual Items -- Advantages and Limitations -- How to Construct A-Type MCQs? -- Stem -- Lead-in -- Options -- Distractors -- What Is the Optimal Number of Options in an Item: Five, Four, or Three? -- What Is the Justification for Reducing the Number of Options? -- Is Reducing the Number of Options Is the Only Way to Minimize NFDs? -- Decreasing the Options from Five to Four Has Undesirable Effects