Introduction: Congressional authority and voting rights enforcement: a retrospective and prospective look at the Voting Rights Act -- Why discretion matters in voting rights enforcement -- Obama's inheritance: the Johnson framework, the VRA, and faith in federal power -- Misdirection: political theatre and the 2006 reauthorization of section 5 -- Partisan spoils of office: a post-Shaw judicial philosophy of civic literacy -- Is "Bull Connor" dead? contemporary public opinion on voting rights policy -- A battle of principals: Congress, the DOJ, and the George W. Bush Administration -- The macro-political context shaping enfranchisement, 2000-2008 -- Conclusion regulating discretion and the challenge of post-racial politics