Why write a handbook of ecological concepts? / Astrid Schwarz and Kurt Jax -- Structure of the handbook / Kurt Jax and Astrid Schwarz -- History of concepts for ecology / Astrid Schwarz -- Multifaceted ecology between organicism, emergentism and reductionism / Donato Bergandi -- The classical holism-reductionism debate in ecology / Ludwig Trepl and Annette Voigt -- Conceptualizing the heterogeneity, embeddedness, and ongoing restructuring that make ecological complexity 'unruly' / Peter Taylor -- A few theses regarding the inner structure of ecology / Gerhard Wiegleb -- Dynamics in the formation of ecological knowledge / Etymology and original sources of the term "ecology" / The early period of word and concept formation / Competing terms / Stabilizing a concept / Kurt Jax -- Formation of scientific societies / The fundamental subdivisions of ecology / The rise of systems theory in ecology / Annette Voigt -- Ecology and the environmental movement / Andrew Jamison -- Ecology and biodiversity at the beginning of the twenty-first century : towards a new paradigm? / Patrick Blandin -- An ecosystem view into the twenty-first century / Wolfgang Haber -- Early ecology in the German-speaking world through WWII / The history of early British and US-American ecology to 1950 / Robert McIntosh -- The French tradition in ecology : 1820-1950 / Patrick Matagne -- Early history of ecology in Spain, 1868-1936 / Santos Casado -- Plant community, Plantesamfund / Peder Anker -- Looking at Russian ecology through the biosphere theory / Georgy S. Levit -- Geography as ecology / Gerhard Hard -- Border zones of ecology and the applied sciences / Yrjö Haila -- Border zones of ecology and systems theory / Egon Becker and Broder Breckling -- Economy, ecology and sustainability / John M. Gowdy