The Renaissance -- The Reformation. The Protestant Reformation ; The Catholic Reformation -- The age of the baroque. The Thirty Years War ; Overseas expansion ; The scientific revolution -- The age of Louis XIV. Life in the seventeenth century ; The grand monarch ; The glorious revolution -- The rise of Russia and Prussia. The rise of Russia ; The emergence of Prussia -- The Enlightenment. Intellectual revolution ; Enlightened despotism ; The American Revolution -- The French Revolution and Napoleon. Calling of the Estates-General ; Bastille to Brumaire ; Napoleon and Europe ; The Congress of Vienna -- Conservative reaction and the forces of change. Restoration ; Liberalism--nationalism ; Industrialism--socialism -- Revolutions of 1848 and aftermath. Paris ; Berlin and Vienna ; Napoleon III -- Unification and consolidation. Italy ; Germany ; Russia -- New industrialism and imperialism. Competition for colonies and markets ; United States and Japan ; Modern science and the decline of liberalism -- The First World War. Alliances and armament ; The War ; The peace -- The Russian Revolution. The 1905 Revolution ; The 1917 Revolution ; The Bolshevik dictatorship -- The collapse of capitalism between the Wars. Italy ; Germany ; Great Britain and France ; Russia -- The Far East. Japan ; India ; China -- The twentieth-century outlook -- The Second World War and after