Introduction: nation formation, popular art, and the search for a Mexican aesthetic -- Ethnicizing the nation : the India Bonita Contest of 1921 -- Popular art and the staging of Indianness -- Foreign-Mexican collaboration, 1920/1940 -- The postrevolutionary cultural project, 1916/1938 -- The museum and the market, 1929/1948 -- Formulating a state policy toward popular art, 1937/1974 -- The "unbroken tradition" of Olinalá from the Aztecs through the revolution -- Transnational renaissance and local power struggles, 1920s to 1940s -- The road to Olinalá, 1935/1972