Introduction -- Bases for disqualification -- Bias -- The extrajudicial sources rule -- An appearance of bias -- Interest -- Familial and business relationships -- Social relationships -- Gifts, favors, and political support -- Background and experience -- Prior activity as an attorney -- Judicial knowledge -- Knowledge obtained in criminal proceedings -- Ex parte communications -- Judicial conduct -- Adverse rulings or comments -- Procedure -- Timeliness -- Legal sufficiency -- Factors militating against disqualification -- Tactical motivation of moving party -- Procedure following disqualification -- Federal disqualification provisions -- Disqualification under 28 U.S.C. 455 -- The relationship between 144 and 455 -- Peremptory disqualification generally -- Specific peremptory disqualification provisions -- Disqualification for cause in state court -- Disqualification in appellate and bankruptcy proceedings -- Contempt proceedings -- Criminal proceedings -- Appellate remedies -- Standard of review