Introduction / Frannie A. Léautier and Blanca Moreno-Dodson -- The framework for analysis / Michele de Nevers and Mark Sundberg -- Observations at the country level / Blanco Moreno-Dodson -- Development as a process of learning and innovation : lessons from China / Yan Wang -- Thematic analysis / Kim Cuenco, Roberto Dañino, Waleed Malik, Anne Ritchie, Lisa Taber, Egbe Osifo-Dawodu, Gift Manase, and Karen Lashman -- Lessons on community-driven development programs / Mohini Malhotra -- Learning and scaling up through evaluation / Ariel Fiszbein and Coralie Gevers -- Operational implications / Ronald Kim and M. Ziad Alahdad -- Issues for future research / Frannie A. Léautier and Blanca Moreno-Dodson