Foreign investment and industrial development prior to 1920 -- Restoration and reconstruction of Kazakhstan's large enterprises in the new Soviet state 1920-1940 -- The war and postwar development of the industrial economy 1940 to 1990 -- Challenges of the economic collapse after independence in 1991 -- Privatization, foreign investment, and consolidation in the principal enterprises of the nonferrous metals sector -- Privatization, foreign investment, and consolidation in the principal enterprises of the ferrous metals sector -- Foreign investment in gold mining and exploration enterprises -- Privatization and foreign investment in the principal oil enterprises and in the refineries -- Privatization, foreign investment, and consolidation in Kazakhstan's coal, natural gas, and uranium enterprises -- Privatization, foreign investment, and consolidation in the electric power and telecommunications sectors