What is the problem? (1900-1962) -- What should children do in school? -- Ahead of its time : the beginnings of Open Court reading (1962-1967) -- Selling reform with guarantees (1966-1973) -- Trying to sell a principled program (1966-1973) -- Gaining credibility (1968-1974) -- Math : forward to thinking, not back to basics (1971-1984) -- Working bottom-up and top-down (1975-1985) -- Research, resistance, renewal (1978-1985) -- Selling reform by disguise : the move toward the middle (1983-1989) -- Counterfeit reform (1985-1988) -- Whole language and CYS (1987-1996)