Natural history of hepatitis C: epidemiology -- Natural history of hepatitis C: hepatic manifestations -- Natural history of hepatitis C: extrahepatic manifestations and quality of life -- Management protocols in chronic hepatitis C -- Management of relapsers and nonresponders-maintenance therapy -- Management of patients with cirrhosis -- Management of patients coinfected by HCV and HIV -- Management of HCV infection after liver transplantation -- Management of patients with renal disease -- Other difficult-to-treat populations -- Safety of interferon, pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin -- Who needs to be treated and how to explain the goals to the patient -- What is the cost-effectiveness of combination regimes? -- Management of acute hepatitis C -- Practical guidelines for the management of hepatitis C -- New drugs in development -- Natural history of hepatitis B: Epidemiology -- Natural history of hepatitis B: hepatic manifestations -- Natural history of hepatitis B: extrahepatic manifestations and quality of life -- Goal of treatment in chronic hepatitis B -- Efficacy of interferon and pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) -- Efficacy of lamivudine -- Comparison between lamivudine, interferon and the combination of interferon and lamivudine -- Safety of lamivudine -- Efficacy of adefovir -- Safety of adefovir -- First-line treatment of chronic hepatitis B: adefovir, lamivudine or interferon? New drugs in development -- Who needs to be treated and how to explain the goals to the patient -- Management of relapsers and nonresponders -- Management of patients coinfected by HBV and HIV -- Management of transplanted patients chronically infected by HBV -- Cost-effectiveness of treatment -- Needle biopsy of the liver: values and limitations -- Advantage and limits of biochemical markers