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court room. Chang was followed through the court room by several
newsreel cameramen ana other civilians. He entered the court room while
another witness was testifying. Rather than waiting until the commo-
tion subsided or ordering the noise to cease, the court members
continued to question the witness amidst chp confusion. On other
“occasions, one court member would interrupt- the questioning of-anothe:
with his own questions. At times several of the court members talked
simultaneously. The one with the loudest voice generally succeeaed in
gaining the floor. Occasionally, one judge would engage the witness in
a conversation while the law member would be speaking with counsel.

kK. ‘C) The Right to Confrontation:

Korean criminal procedure places very little emphasis on the right
of an accused to confront witnesses against him. the prosecutor in
each case has introduced a considerable number of unsworn, out-of-court
statements made by witnesses against the accused. in most cases, coun-
sel post no objection. In the trial against ex-Home Minister Choe In
Kyu, the prosecutor introduced 148z2 unsworn statements. Lelense objec-
tions to the introduction of some of these as unreliable were overruled.
In the case against the eight former ex-cabinet ministers, the pros-
ecutor introduced many unsworn statements over objections by counsel to
the lack of proper foundation. While there is no rule in Korean law
which requires the prosecutor to lay a foundation through witnesses for
the introduction of wunsworn statements, such statements must at least
be taken by the prosecutor himself. In the case against the eight
ex-ministers, these statements were obtained by an assistant of the
prosecutor who lacked legal training. The court, however, summarily
overruled the objections.

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