TABLE 2 
 
IOWA : CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED IN 1992, 
BY MAJOR USE CATEGORY 
 
Use 
Quantity 
(thousand 
short tons) 
Value 
(thousands) 
Value 
per ton 
Concrete aggregates (including concrete sand) 
3,101 
36 
133 
647 
3,233 
 
1,235 
163 
 
W 
 
208 
 
 
2,099 
 
5,970 
 
16,825 
 
15,263 
$12,451 
 
187 
 
 
720 
 
 
2,340 
 
8,079 
3,122 
 
607 
 
W 
 
557 
 
 
9,474 
 
20,846 
 
~58,382 
 
58,382 
$4.02 
 
5.19 
 
 
5.41 
 
 
3.62 
 
2.50 
2.53 
 
3.72 
 
6.48 
 
2.68 
 
 
4.51 
 
3.49 
 
3.47 
 
3.83 
Plaster and gunite sands 
 
 
 
Concrete products (blocks, brick, pipe, decorative, 
 
etc.) 
 
 
 
Asphaltic concrete aggregates and other bituminous 
 
mixtures 
 
 
 
Road base and coverings' 
 
 
 
Fill 
 
 
 
Snow and ice control 
 
 
 
Railroad ballast 
 
 
 
Other miscellaneous uses~ 
 
 
 
Unspecified:' 
 
 
 
Actual 
 
 
 
Estimated 
 
 
 
Total 
 
 
 
Total'6 
 
 
 
w Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietaiydata; included with ' Other
miscellaneous uses. 
' Includes road and other stabilization (cement and lime). 2lncludes filtration.

 
' Includes production reported without a breakdownby end use and estimates
for nonrespondents. 
4Data do not add to total shown because of independent rounding. 
' One metric ton is equal to 1,000 kilograms or 2,204.62 pounds. To convert
short tons into metric tons, multiply short tons by 0.907185. 
6Total quantity and total value in thousand mendc tons and thousand dollars.

IOWA—1992  211$1 1.6 million, exceeded the 1991 level by 
28,000 metric tons. Although tonnage increased, value declined from the $12.3
million reported in 1991. The $700,000 decline was brought about by a lowering
of the unit price because of a soft market for crude gypsum. 
The tonnage of gypsum calcined in 1992, 1,361 million metric tons (1,500
million short tons) valued at $20.5 million, exceeded the 1 ,288 million
metric tons (1 ,420 million short tons) calcined in 1991. The 1992 value
exceeded that of 1991 by $1.3 million. Calcined gypsum was used in the manufacture
of wallboard and other plaster and cement products. 
 In Iowa, the gypsum sector of the mineral industry consisted of five companies
operating several surface and underground mines in Des Moines, Martin, and
Webster Counties. There 
was one operation each in Des Moines 
and Martin Counties, and four operations 
were in Webster County. Gypsum was calcined in five plants in Des Moines
and Webster Counties. 
 
Liine.—Both quicklime and hydrated lime were manufactured at a
plant
in Scott County. Linwood Mining & Minerals Corp. calcined a local
limestone
to produce quicklime. A small tonnage of quicklime was crushed and reacted
with water in a hydrator to produce hydrated lime. Both production and value
increased. 
 
Sand and Gnzvel.—Construction.— Construction sand and
gravel
production is surveyed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) for even-numbered
years only; data for odd-numbered years are based on annual company estimates.
This chapter contains actual data for 1990 and 1992 and estimates for 1991.

The State ranked 17th in tonnage and 
19th in value among the 49 States with 
construction sand and gravel production. 
Sand and gravel sales ranked third and accounted for 15 % of the Iowa mineral
value. In 1992, sand and gravel 
production was reported by 109 
companies operating 211 pits in 63 
counties. Production totaled 15.2 million metric tons (16. 8 million short
tons) 
valued at $58.4 million. Although value exceeded the 1991 estimate by $2.6
million, production declined 544,000 
metric tons (600,000 short tons) below 
the 1991 estimated value. The five leading sand and gravel-producing counties,
tonnagewise, Polk, Sioux, Sac, Hamilton, and Marion, accounted for 6.6 
million metric tons (7.3 million short 
~ tons), 43 % of the total production, and ~ $37 million, 64 % of the value.

 
 Industrial.—One firm in Muscatine 
County produced industrial sand and gravel. Production and value were withheld.

 
 Stone.—Stone production is surveyed 
by the USBM for odd-numbered years only; data for even-numbered years are
based on annual company estimates. This chapter contains estimates for 1990
and 1992 and actual data for 1991. 
 
 Crushed.—Iowa's leading mineral 
commodity, valuewise, was crushed stone, which accounted for 48 % of the
State's mineral value. Limestone and dolomite were the only stone types produced.
Output and value were estimated at 34.5 million metric tons (38 million short
tons) and $186 million. 
This was higher than the 28 million metric tons (3 1 million short tons)
and $148 million reported by industry in 
1991. 
 
 Dimension.—The production of dimension limestone was reported
by three
firms in Dubuque, Jackson, and Jones Counties. The majority of sales was
for flagging and veneer. Quarry blocks also were sold. 
 
Other Industrial Minerals.—Peat was