AN ECOLOGICAL SURVEY                      fr
IN
NORTHRN MICHIGAN
Prepared under the Direction of
Chas. C. Adams
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Ecological Papers
An Ecological Survey in the Porcupine Mountains and Isle Royale, Michigan by
A. G. Ruthven
Introduction
Part I. Porcupine Mountains
1. History
2. Geology
3. General Topography
4. Location of Field Stations
5. The Biota Considered by Stations
6. Summary
7.   Interpretations and Conclusions
Part II. Isle Roya'l
1. General Geography
2. Location of Field Stations
3. The Biota Considered by Stations
4. Summary and Conclusions
Part III. References
The Ecological Distribution of the Birds in the Porcupine Mountains, Michigan
by Otto Mc Creary
I. The Lake Superior Slope of the First Mountain Ridge
1. Lake Superior
2. Lake Beach
3. Cedar Swamp
Clearings in the Cedar Swamp
Supplementary Clearing Observations
4. Hemlock Forest
Supplementary Clearing Observations
5.  Hardwood Forest
6. Camp Clearing
7. Mountain Top and Escarpment
II. Carp River Valley
1. Carp Lake
2. Gmssy Marshes
3. Alders
4. Damp Woodland
5. Tamarack Swamp
6. Carp River
7. Dry Wondland